The article identifies how Research and Development (R&D) collaborations in startups can influence digital innovation in Brazilian manufactures. A qualitative multiple case study was performed with startups incubated at the Federation of Industries of Paraná (FIEP), through semi-structured interviews to the Chief Executive Officer (CEOs) and case document’s, applying the content analysis. The results indicate that the sources of knowledge of the startups and the collaboration with companies, universities, government development agencies and incubators, characterize the actions in the ecosystem of open innovation. It has been found that the complexity of the innovation ecosystem of startups is a strategic asset, and the nature of the collaborations is informal, coupled with a stage of maturity considered low in startups. This study contributes to highlight the nature, dynamics and progress of startup collaborations in the development of digital transformation, and the challenges for the leverage of Industry 4.0 in Brazil.

The approximation between knowledge and practice in Assistive Technologies (TA) in Brazilian schools is recent. Particularly, in the context of public schools, the application of TA in an inclusive education perspective is a new theme for the members of the Multifunctional Resource Rooms (SRMF), however, it is observed that there are policies and guidelines for AT to be implemented. In this context, the objective of this article is to analyze the perception of professionals working in the SRMF of schools in a federal public education network, belonging to the Colégio Militar do Brasil System, regarding the relevance of the use of TA and the continuing training of teachers in the area of inclusive education. Methodologically, the study has a qualitative and descriptive approach, and the collection of data obtained through a questionnaire prepared in Google Forms®, based on the classification of TA, by Sartoretto and Bersch (2018). The results show that the professionals who work in the SRMF of the schools surveyed have not yet appropriated the TA in an efficient way, as there is an underuse of these technologies due to the low number of trained teachers.

Resumo: O objetivo geral do presente estudo é analisar as competências empreendedoras de proprietários franqueados de escolas de idiomas no interior do Paraná, de acordo com o modelo de Man e Lau (2000), e as expectativas futuras de crescimento. Para atingir esse objetivo foi realizado um estudo de multicasos e os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com quatro participantes, sendo duas proprietárias de franquias de escolas de idiomas do interior do Paraná. Considera-se que este trabalho atingiu o objetivo proposto, uma vez que as competências puderam ser identificadas e analisadas dentro do modelo adotado e verificada a frequência com que cada uma foi identificada nos empreendedores participantes. Também foi possível verificar que os participantes buscam desenvolver suas competências e que possuem formas semelhantes de fazê-lo. Por fim, pode-se compreender que os franqueados possuem expectativa de crescimento devido à ocorrência de futuras competições esportivas no Brasil e ao aumento da classe C. Palavras-chave:Competências empreendedoras, franquias, expectativas de crescimento. ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS OF OWNERS OF FRANCHISEES OF LANGUAGE SCHOOLS OF THE INTERIOR OF PARANÁAbstract: This study was conducted with the main objective of analyzing the entrepreneurial skills of owners of franchise of language schools in Paraná, Brazil, according to the model of Man and Lau (2000), and the expectation of future growth. To achieve this objective, it was realized a study of multi cases and data were collected through the application of an interview with four participants, including two owners of franchises of language schools the State of Paraná. It is considered that this work reached the objective proposed, since it could identify the entrepreneurial skills and analyze them according to the adopted model and also verified the frequency that with each one could be identified in the entrepreneurs participants. It could also be verified that the participants intend to develop their skills and have similar ways of doing it. Finally it could be seen that there is expectation about the growth of franchises due to the next sporting competitions that will happen in Brazil and also the increasing of class C in Brazil.

Em junho de 2014 foi aprovado o Plano Nacional da Educação (PNE, Lei nº 13.005), que prevê as diretrizes e metas para a educação nacional para os próximos dez anos. Por outro lado, o Grupo do Banco Mundial (GBM), o Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI) e a Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) preveem projetos e orientações para os países de economia emergente a título de políticas educacionais enquanto ferramentas propulsoras do desenvolvimento econômico. O objetivo desse artigo é identificar em que medida e em quais aspectos o PNE foi orientado por políticas educacionais emanadas desses organismos internacionais. Nas metas do PNE é possível observar forte influência das políticas educacionais fundamentadas na privatização, no fomento à aprendizagem, no desenvolvimento de capacidades e em avaliações pautadas em resultados, bem como das orientações impostas por aqueles organismos internacionais de fomento ao desenvolvimento econômico.

Resumo: O objetivo geral do presente estudo é analisar as competências empreendedoras de proprietários franqueados de escolas de idiomas no interior do Paraná, de acordo com o modelo de Man e Lau (2000), e as expectativas futuras de crescimento. Para atingir esse objetivo foi realizado um estudo de multicasos e os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com quatro participantes, sendo duas proprietárias de franquias de escolas de idiomas do interior do Paraná. Considera-se que este trabalho atingiu o objetivo proposto, uma vez que as competências puderam ser identificadas e analisadas dentro do modelo adotado e verificada a frequência com que cada uma foi identificada nos empreendedores participantes. Também foi possível verificar que os participantes buscam desenvolver suas competências e que possuem formas semelhantes de fazê-lo. Por fim, pode-se compreender que os franqueados possuem expectativa de crescimento devido à ocorrência de futuras competições esportivas no Brasil e ao aumento da classe C. Palavras-chave:Competências empreendedoras, franquias, expectativas de crescimento. ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS OF OWNERS OF FRANCHISEES OF LANGUAGE SCHOOLS OF THE INTERIOR OF PARANÁAbstract: This study was conducted with the main objective of analyzing the entrepreneurial skills of owners of franchise of language schools in Paraná, Brazil, according to the model of Man and Lau (2000), and the expectation of future growth. To achieve this objective, it was realized a study of multi cases and data were collected through the application of an interview with four participants, including two owners of franchises of language schools the State of Paraná. It is considered that this work reached the objective proposed, since it could identify the entrepreneurial skills and analyze them according to the adopted model and also verified the frequency that with each one could be identified in the entrepreneurs participants. It could also be verified that the participants intend to develop their skills and have similar ways of doing it. Finally it could be seen that there is expectation about the growth of franchises due to the next sporting competitions that will happen in Brazil and also the increasing of class C in Brazil.