The present study was intended to explore the relationship between self-esteem and loneliness among University Hostel Living students. It was hypothesized that there would be a negative correlation between self-esteem and loneliness. The sample of this study was comprised of (N= 400) university students whose age ranging from 18 year to 24 year and living in hostels.Sample was drawn from different Universities from Punjab, Pakistan which consisted of almost equal numbers of males (n = 198) and females (n = 202) students. Data was collected through survey method. Self-esteem was measured through Rosenberg's Self-esteems scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and loneliness was measured by University of California and Los Angeles loneliness scale. Pearson bivariate correlation showed that there was significant negative correlation (r=-.57* p<.001) between self-esteem and loneliness. Independent sample t-test showed that there was non-significance difference of self-esteem and loneliness among males and females students.

The present research was carried to develop an indigenous, valid, and reliable scale to assess psychological skills of hockey players and cricketers. An initial item pool of 130 items was generated through detailed, open-ended, and semi-structured interviews with six international hockey players and two international cricketers, whereas, a preliminary questionnaire was administered on 518 players (261 hockey players and 257 cricketers). Principal Factor Analysis with Varimax rotation postulated 84 items with three distinct factors: Psycho-Performance Skills, Perceived Psychological Support, and Psycho-Competitiveness. The internal consistency of the items for Psychological Skills Scale for Hockey Players and Cricketers was determined by using Cronbach’s alpha that emerged .94 for final 84 items, whereas, Psycho-Performance Skills, Perceived Psychological Support, and Psycho-Competitiveness had .92, .90, and .87 reliability; respectively. Further researches can be conducted to confirm these three factors extracted through this study by including other sports or considering various other psychological skills of hockey players and cricketers. This research would be helpful for Pakistan Hockey Federation and Pakistan Cricket Board to determine psychological profiling of cricketers and develop psychological profiling system based on the results of Psychological Skills Scale for hockey players and cricketers.

The present investigation purported to develop and validate an indigenous social cynicism scale for young adult women. Following an exploratory sequential research design, the study involved three phases. In phase I, a qualitative study with (n = 20) young adult women is conducted to conceptualize the construct of social cynicism. The themes drawn from the data were used to develop a pool of 36 items. After extensive scrutiny and evaluation by five expert judges, 28 items were finalized that were phrased in a self-report five-point Likert rating scale. In phase II, the psychometric properties of the scale were established. Through non-probability purposive sampling, a sample of (n = 227) young adult women aged 18-28 years (M = 22.29 and SD = 2.06) was recruited for exploratory factor analysis. Principle Component Analysis was performed for factor extractions, while the Direct Oblimin method was applied for factor rotations. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were found to be significant. As a result, a final scale of 19 items with a three-factor model, namely institutional, experiential and dispositional cynicism, emerged that accounted for 42.41% variance, with an alpha reliability of .83. In phase III, another sample of (n = 218) young adult women with an age range of 18–27 years (M = 22.48 and SD = 2.38) was recruited to run confirmatory factor analysis that revealed a good model fit and validated the three-dimensional structure of the scale.

The current study aimed to find the relationship between charismatic leadership, mentoring effectiveness and self-determination in physical education instructors. It was hypothesized that there would be a negative relationship between charismatic leadership and mentoring effectiveness and a positive relationship between charismatic leadership and self-determination. Charismatic leadership and mentoring effectiveness would be significant positive predictors of self-determination. Data were collected from male physical education teachers from Lahore using a convenient sampling. The research findings indicate that instructors with strategic vision, sensitivity to the environment, and sensitivity to members’ needs have a high awareness of themselves and their perceived choices. There were non-significant family systems, educational differences, and income differences in self-determination among physical education instructors. = This study would help explore leadership styles in connection to mentoring effectiveness and self-determination for better teaching efficacy and the development of academia. Future research can include female teachers and cities other than Lahore.

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