No abstract

Banana fruit is claimed to have antidiabetic effects despite its high calorie content, and its peels also contain vital phytoconstituents including gallocatechin. Previously banana pulp has been studied for antihyperglycemic effects, and in the present investigation antihyperglycemic effect of ethanolic extract of inner peels of Musa sapientum (EMS), Musa paradisiaca (EMP), Musa cavendish (EMC) and Musa acuminata (EMA) fruit was evaluated using oral glucose tolerance test in normoglycemic rats. In vitro antioxidant study was conducted using DPPH, H 2 O 2 radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. Wistar rats were divided into fourteen groups and twelve groups received different doses of aforementioned extracts, while control group received gum acacia solution and remaining group received standard drug, glimepiride. All the rats received glucose load at a dose of 2 g/kg body weight. Groups treated with EMC and EMA showed significant decrease in glucose level (p < 0.01) at 150 min as compared to control group. In hypoglycemic study, only EMP 500 mg/kg, p.o. treated group revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glucose level at 120 min, while other groups did not show any sign of hypoglycemia. In glucose tolerance test, animals treated with EMC and EMA depicted dose dependent antihyperglycemic effect at 150 min while EMS and EMP showed significant reduction in plasma glucose at higher doses. In a similar fashion, EMA i.e. M. acuminata demonstrated highest antioxidant activity followed by EMC against DPPH radical. In ferric reducing power and H 2 O 2 scavenging assay, EMA demonstrated maximal antioxidant activity when compared with other extracts.

Sphaeranthus indicus may prove to be effective in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus owing to its ability to decrease insulin resistance.

The natural dyes separated from plants are of gaining interest as substitutes for synthetic dyes in food and cosmetics. Thespesia populnea (T. populnea) is widely grown plant and used in the treatment of various diseases. This study was aimed to separate natural dye from T. populnea bark and analysis of its dyeing property on different fabrics. In this investigation pharmacognostic study was carried out. The pharmacognostic study includes morphological study, microscopical examination, proximate analysis along with the phytochemical study. The dyeing of different fabric was done with a natural dye extracted from T. populnea bark. The fabrics like cotton, butter crep, polymer, chiken, lone, ulene and tarakasa were dye with plant extract. The various evaluation parameters were studied. It includes effect of washing with water, effect of soap, effect of sunlight, effect of alum, effect of Cupric sulphate, microscopical study of fabrics and visual analysis of dyeing by common people were studied. In results, natural dye isolated from T. populnea bark could be used for dyeing fabrics with good fastness properties. The studies reveals that, the dyeing property of fabrics after washing with water and soap, exposed to sunlight does not get affected. It was observed that cotton and tarakasa stains better as compared with other fabrics. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract having good dyeing property.

Background: Quinazolin-4(1H)-one nucleus has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists due to their clinical uses. Modification of quinazolinone ring for the development of pharmaceutical and clinical compound for its antiinflammatory potential. Results: In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds was performed by using egg albumin protein denaturation assay, while in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was performed by using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma pouch model. In the present study, we synthesized a new series of 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives and evaluated their in vivo, in vitro anti-inflammatory effect. Their chemical structures are confirmed by FTIR, 1 HNMR, and mass spectrum. Among all the synthesized compounds, G1 and G3 exhibit the significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting release of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandin, histamine, and serotonin. in both in vivo and in vitro models as compared to compound G2. Conclusion: These synthesized compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting prostaglandins and COX enzymes. So, all test compounds may be used for both inflammation as well as inflammation-induced cancer therapy. Future various screening method related with inflammation and inflammation-induced cancer needs to be evaluated pre-clinically and clinically.