AIMS:The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of improved periodontal health on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) patients who have generalized periodontitis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 45 type 2 DM patients with generalized periodontitis were selected for the study. The selected patients were randomly assigned to three groups (groups A, B, and C) comprising 15 patients each: • Group A received treatment with scaling and root planing only. • Group B received treatment with scaling and root planing followed by systemic doxycycline. • Group C received no treatment (control group). The periodontal parameters recorded included plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. These parameters were recorded at baseline (day zero), at 1 month, and at the end of 3 months. The following metabolic parameters were recorded: fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), and glycated hemoglobin. These were recorded at baseline (day zero) and at the end of 3 months.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:All the parameters were subjected to repeated-measures ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test.RESULTS:A statistically significant effect could be demonstrated for periodontal parameters for both group A and group B (treatment groups). Glycated hemoglobin values showed statistically significant decrease in treatment groups compared to the control group, with group B showing more significant decrease than group A.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study showed that nonsurgical periodontal treatment is associated with improved glycemic control in type 2 DM patients.

Brain tumors in neonatal age group is uncommon comparing with older children and adults. In older children brain tumors are commonly infratentorial, where as in neonates, they are supratentorial. Though extracranial tumors are commoner in neonates, brain tumors cause 5-20% deaths approximately. We are presenting a review on brain tumors in neonates.

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is associated with a wide range of disease patterns, ranging from mild to life‐threatening pneumonia. COVID‐19 can be associated with a suppressed immune response and/or hyperinflammatory state due to a cytokine storm. Reduced immunity, combined with steroid usage to prevent a cytokine storm along with various pre‐existing comorbidities can prove to be fertile ground for various secondary bacterial and fungal infection, including mucormycosis. Diagnosis of Mucor is a challenging task given the high negativity rate of various detection methods. While histopathology is considered the gold standard, the acquisition of necessary tissue biopsy specimens requires invasive procedures and is time consuming. Method In this study five different methods of Mucor detection, namely conventional cytopathology, liquid‐based cytology (LBC, BD SurePath™), potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, culture, and histopathology were analysed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for all five methods. Results LBC had values for sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 72.4%, 100%, 100%, and 38.4%, respectively, closely matching histopathology in sensitivity (75.9%). The sensitivity of culture, conventional cytopathology, and KOH were very low compared to histopathology and LBC. Conclusion This study showed that LBC, can be a rapid and effective alternative to histopathology in Mucor diagnosis.