The article analyzes distance learning and educational processes, such as education, pedagogical technologies, methods and upbringing in the context of globalization trends in the postmodern world. The new technologies, which have prompted and eventually led to globalization processes, indicate the need to master these new technologies since teaching today requires one to apply one’s professional results efficiently. The trend of education is globalization, which seems inevitable under a dramatically changing educational reality. Global education is defined as one of the areas in the development of current pedagogical theory and practice. It aims to prepare learners for professional activities in a changing and increasingly interdependent world. Indeed, globalization lies in implementing and using internet technologies in education. Recognizing the multiplicity of meanings and views, the postmodern society is entering a state of crisis. It is because the Covid-19 pandemic and, consequently, new living conditions associated with it, require a new worldview. In this regard, education reforms are becoming a priority, given that the 21st century is the age of information and nanotechnologies. Information technology is a prerequisite for teacher training today. At the same time, informatization of education is impossible without creating, using and developing informational and educational environments, which in turn should enable the realization of an intellectually developed individual embodying the necessary professional qualities.

Public scientific and technical societies in the Russian Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century became an iconic phenomenon of socio-economic history, which reflected the important processes of society. Reforms of 1860– 1870s gave rise to a public need to unite competent social forces to solve urgent important scientific and technical problems. The purpose of the article is to study the role of the Odesa Society of Engineers and Architects in the industrial development of the Black Sea in the 1860s, and to clarify the process of transforming this organization into the Odesa branch of the Russian Technical Society between 1868–1871. Historical-genetic and historical-systemic methods were used in the study. This issue has hardly been studied by Ukrainian historians. It has been proved that it was in Odesa, long before the founding of the Russian Technical Society, that the first initiatives were announced to unite specialists in technical fields for the collective solution of the problems of the region. The prerequisites for the creation of the Odesa Society of Engineers, Technicians and Architects, and the main directions of its activities have been revealed. The above-mentioned society was an independent organization maintaining this independence during its entire existence. For the first time, the transformation of the society into the Odesa branch of the Russian Technical Society between 1868–1871, and the formation of its organizational structure has been clarified in detail. The chronology of the creation of the Odesa branch of the Russian Technical Society, as well as the role of both central and local authorities in its establishment, have been highlighted. The level of support for public initiatives by central and local authorities has been shown. Attention has been drawn in the article to the leading role in the organization of the Odesa branch of a full member of the Russian Technical Society, Odesa military engineer, Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Depp. It has been found out that the Odesa Society acted in accordance with the “Instructions for the Odesa Branch of the Russian Technical Society”, that took into account local peculiarities and was approved by the general meeting of the Russian Technical Society in St. Petersburg. The charter of the created society preserved the autonomy of the Odesa branch from the central society. Odesa activists provided only plans of their activities and reports on the results to the St. Petersburg Society. Thanks to the foundation and organization of activity of the Odesa Society of Engineers, Technicians and Architects, which was later transformed into the Odesa branch of the Russian Technical Society, real opportunities for fruitful cooperation and effective work were created for scientists and practitioners.

АНОТАЦІЯ Автори статті розкривають суть і напрями формування екологічної компетентності майбутніх фахівців річкового та морського транспорту під час засвоєння дисципліни «Географія судноплавства». У статті розглядається проблема формування екологічної компетентності, яка є складником екологічної культури та важливим пріоритетом у підготовці сучасних фахівців. Автори дійшли висновку, що уніфікованого підходу до визначення поняття «екологічна компетентність» та її компонентів у сучасній науці не існує, тому проаналізовано різноманітні підходи до трактування цього поняття науковцями. Підготовка майбутніх фахівців річкового та морського транспорту в Херсонській державній морській академії орієнтована на те, що вони є і будуть безпосередніми учасниками взаємодії з навколишнім середовищем. Тому формування екологічно безпечного розвитку і безпеки мореплавання є одними з ключових аспектів у структурі змісту професійної морської освіти. Автори наголошують, що навчальний курс «Географія судноплавства», що викладається для майбутніх судноводіїв, займає одну з ключових позицій у формуванні їх екологічної компетентності. Підготовка фахівців здійснюється з орієнтацію на «Концепцію екологічної освіти України», тому питання взаємодії людини і Світового океану є наскрізним у зазначеному курсі. У процесі вивчення «Географії судноплавства» значна увага зосереджена на вивченні фізико-географічних умов материків і океанів як цілісних природних систем. Вказано, що під час вивчення «Географії судноплавства» активно використовуються інтерактивні методи навчання, значна увага приділяється проведенню командної роботи і формуванню вмінь активно використовувати понятійно-термінологічний апарат. Доведено, що одним з найефективніших засобів активізації навчання та розумового розвитку молоді є постановка проблемного питання. У дослідженні підкреслено, що екологічна компетентність має бути важливим пріоритетом у процесі підготовки сучасних фахівців річкового та морського транспорту. Ключові слова: екологічна компетентність, екологічна культура, вища освіта, компетентнісний підхід, географія судноплавства, фахівці річкового та морського транспорту, компетентність.

Information service of users of libraries of technical institutions of higher education of Ukraine under quarantine conditions: comparative analysis. Library Science. Record Studies. Informology, 2, 57-65 [in Ukrainian].

The purpose of the article is to identify and investigate the first attempts to institutionalize non-state communities of engineers and technicians in the Russian Empire, and to determine whether the Russian Technical Society was the first center to unify the engineering community. The period covered in this study (1850s–1860s) refers to the initial period of the emergence of scientific and technical societies in the Russian Empire, which are considered as a new type of a structural organization of science and technology. The article reveals that the first attempts to institutionalize non-state engineering and technical communities were successful in Livland and Kherson provinces. It has been confirmed that the preferred hypothesis in the matter of the Russian Technical Society does not correspond to historical reality. Two scientific and technical societies of Livland and Kherson provinces were analyzed in the article: the Society of Technicians in Riga and Odessa Society of Engineers and Architects. It was found that the mentioned societies, established in Riga and Odessa, can be considered almost the first scientific and technical societies in the Russian Empire, created even before the Russian Technical Society commenced its activities. For the first time, a detailed study of the process of their organization and activity was carried out. The article also highlights the legislative principles of the activities of the mentioned societies. A comparative analysis of their statutes was carried out, identifying the common and distinctive features. The study proved the polytechnic nature of their activity and determined its priorities. Despite the fact that the Russian Technical Society turned out to be the most powerful scientific and technical society of the Russian Empire, attention is focused on the fact that the Society of Technicians in Riga continued its activities as an independent scientific and technical association. The article highlights the inaccuracies and some false statements about the studied societies. The attempt of marine engineers in the city of Mykolaiv to establish an independent public scientific and technical society in 1864 is also discussed.