No abstract

The present study aimed to screen the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction isolated from the leaves of Heterophragma adenophyllum against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis and Klebsiella pneumonia broad spectrum microorganism. The study was carried out by using standard nutrient broth for microbes and streptomycin was taken as a positive control. Ethyl acetate fraction used as a test sample and DMSO as a negative control. From the results of the zone of inhibition it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction was pusses in vitro antimicrobial activity while results of minimum inhibitory concentration, it was revealed that all bacterial strains were sensitive towards selected fraction for the study.

Daniellia oliveri is a tree species belonging to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae), whose young leaves are used locally to manage type 2 diabetes in Nigeria. This study aims at evaluating the inhibitory potentials of its crude ethanolic extract (Do-C) and solvent-solvent fractions (n-hexane (Do-H), diethyl ether (Do-D), and ethyl acetate (Do-E)) obtained from Do-C on α-amylase, α-glucosidase activities in-vitro and 1,1-diphenyl-2picraylhydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging activity using standard protocols. Our findings showed that the Do-C and its fractions had significant TFC and TPC composition. All fractions inhibited DPPH free radicals effectively, with Do-E having excellent inhibition when compared with BHT. In this study, Do-C and its solvent-solvent fractions (Do-D, Do-E, and Do-H) inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent pattern. However, compared to acarbose, the Do-E exhibited similar inhibitory activity against α-amylase (P≤ 0.05). Nevertheless, the Do-E (IC50 35.02 ± 1.22 µg/ml) and Do-H (IC50 31.28 ± 1.23 µg/ml) had the best inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase comparatively after acarbose (25.97 ± 0.96 µg/ml). The inhibitory potential of Do-E could be linked to its TFC and TPC. Therefore, ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the crude ethanolic extract of D. oliveri could effectively inhibit key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Further studies recommended to isolate antidiabetic compounds present.