Syzygium aqueum, consisting of various fruit colors, is one of the plants that have been used as traditional medicine. This study aims to evaluate and compare phytochemical, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities and total phenolic content of leaves and stem bark extracts of S. aqueum with pink and red fruits, in order to identify the best extract that can be used as a natural antioxidant. Phytochemical constituents were evaluated qualitatively using chemicals, while cytotoxic activities were identified using the brine shrimp lethality test. Total phenolic content was determined via the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Leaves and stem bark of S. aqueum contained flavonoids, phenolics, and triterpenoids, but the stem bark also contained saponins and alkaloids. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves and stem bark were categorized as very powerful antioxidants to DPPH (IC50 9.71–38.69 μg/mL) and hydrogen peroxide (IC50 16.44–44.02 μg/mL), while hexane extracts were inactive. Methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of leaves and stem bark were categorized as moderately cytotoxic to A. salina larvae (LC50 104.04–440.65 μg/mL). Comparing leaves and stem barks, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of stem bark extracts were higher than those of leaves extracts. Total phenolic content of leaves extracts was higher than that of stem bark extracts where the order of total phenolic content progressed from methanol extracts > ethyl acetate extracts > hexane extracts. Therefore, the stem bark of S. aqueum was identified as the better source of natural antioxidant compared with the leaves.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas Bakteri Asam Laktat dari usus itik pada dedak padi dan kombinasi dedak padi dengan molases sebagai kandidat probiotik. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam Percobaan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang dilakukan secara faktorial 2 x 6. Faktor A adalah 2 macam media perlakuan yaitu: media A (dedak padi) dan media B (dedak padi + molasis). Faktor B adalah lama waktu inkubasi yaitu 0 jam (kontrol), 2jam, 4jam, 6 jam, 8 jam, dan 10 jam. Masing- masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 2 kali. Pengamatan viabilitas bakteri dilakukan dengan metode angka lempeng total untuk menentukan jumlah sel bakteri yang hidup dilanjutkan dengan menghitung viabilitas BAL. Data jumlah koloni BAL yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan isolat BAL dari usus itik pada media perlakuan dedak padi dan kombinasi dedak padi dengan molases memiliki viabilitas tertinggi pada waktu inkubasi ke- 10 jam dengan jumlah populasi sebesar Log 6,53 CFU/g pada dedak padi dan Log 6,87 CFU/g pada kombinasi dedak padi dan molases.

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) in South Sumatra, Indonesia has been widely used as a raw material in the processing of typical Palembang food industry, namely pempek, kemplang, and kerupuk. During its processing, not all parts of the fish can be utilized. In general, only 40% of the fish is used for consumption and 60% is wasted as by-products. One of the by-product produced during processing is viscera which can still be used as value-added products. One alternative is to use viscera as raw material in the production of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) which is well known to have functional properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, and anticancer. This research was aim to determine the antioxidant activity of FPH made from snakehead fish viscera as a source of natural antioxidants. The research was conducted by papain treatments with the concentration of enzymes used were 1%, 2% and 3%. Evaluation of the hydrolysis process was done by measure the soluble protein and DH (degree of hydrolysis) while antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-Azinobis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid) assay. DH of fish protein hydrolysate was found to be 68.79%, 77.06% and 72.63%, respectively while protein solubility gave values of 5.69%, 6.15% and 6.56% respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was attained at enzyme concentration of 3% with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-Azinobis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline 6-sulphonic acid) value were 37.26% and 58.58% respectively.

Bunga melati memiliki kandungan eugenol, linalool, metil salisilat, benzil alkohol dan indol. Ekstrak bunga melati konsentrasi 30%  mampu mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acne penyebab jerawat dengan diameter zona hambat 5,58 mm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi gel totol jerawat ekstrak bunga melati (Jaminum sambac L) dan evaluasi sifat fisik. Ekstrak etanol bunga melati diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Formulasi gel dibuat dengan ekstrak etanol bunga melati  konsentrasi 30% dan 35%, basis carbomer 940, trietanolamin (TEA), metilparaben, propilenglikol dan aquadest. Evaluasi sifat fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, uji pH, daya sebar dan waktu simpan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formulasi sediaan gel totol jerawat  ekstrak bunga melati  dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 35% menghasilkan sifat fisik yang baik dibandingkan gel dengan konsentrasi  30%. Gel ekstrak bunga melati yang dibuat dengan basis carbomer 940 memiliki  aroma khas ekstrak bunga melati, sifat fisik homogen, nilai rata-rata pH 5, kekentalan yang cukup tinggi.  Gel ekstrak bunga melati dengan konsentrasi 30% dan 35% memiliki daya sebar berturut-turut 3,37 cm dan 3,39 cm.