Inflammation is involved in the progression of many disorders, such as tumors, arthritis, gastritis, and atherosclerosis. Thus, the development of new agents targeting inflammation is still challenging. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally to treat various diseases including inflammation. A previous study has indicated that dichloromethane extract of P. lanceolata leaves exerts anti-inflammatory activity in an in vitro model. Here, we examined the in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a n-hexane insoluble fraction of P. lanceolata leaves dichloromethane extract (HIFPL). We first evaluated its potency to reduce paw edema induced by carrageenan, and the expression of the proinflammatory enzyme, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, in mice. The efficacy of HIFPL to inhibit COX-2 was also evaluated in an in vitro enzymatic assay. We further studied the effect of HIFPL on leukocytes migration in mice induced by thioglycollate. The level of chemokines facilitating the migration of leukocytes was also measured. We found that HIFPL (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities in mice. The HIFPL reduced the volume of paw edema and COX-2 expression. However, HIFPL acts as an unselective COX-2 inhibitor as it inhibited COX-1 with a slightly higher potency. Interestingly, HIFPL strongly inhibited leukocyte migration by reducing the level of chemokines, Interleukine-8 (IL-8) and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).

ABSTRAKKelor (Moringa oleifera L.) mengandung flavonoid sebagai zat berkhasiat utama. Kuersetin diketahui menghambat COX-2 pada proses inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun kelor terhadap aktivitas analgesik dan antiinflamasi pada mencit. Studi analgesik dilakukan pada mencit pada dosis 12,5; 25 dan 50 mg/kgBB dengan metode geliat. Sedangkan aktivitas antiinflamasi dilakukan dengan pengukuran volume udem ekstrak etanol daun kelor pada dosis 35; 70 dan 140 mg/kgBB. Sebagai kontrol positif digunakan aspirin untuk aktivitas analgesik dan natrium diklofenak pada uji antiinflamasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun kelor pada dosis 25 dan 50 mg/kgBB menurunkan jumlah geliat dan memiliki daya analgesik 76,41±2,73% dan 80,41±5,20%, sedangkan pada dosis 140 mg/kgBB memberikan daya antiinflamasi sebesar 24,30±2,960% dan penurunan ekspresi COX-2 46,37±6,434%. ABSTRACTKelor (Moringa oleifera L.) contains flavonoid as a major of bioactive constituent. Quercetin as a flvonoid group inhibits COX-2 in inflammatory process. This study aimed to determine the effect of etanol extract of the kelor leaves on the analgesics and antiiinflamatory in mice. Etanol extract of the kelor leaves were evaluated for analgesics activity through writhing assay test at doses of 12.5; 25 and 50 mg/kgBW using Swiss albino mice. On the other hand antiinflammatory assay was performed by carrageenan induced paw edema of the etanol extract of the kelor leaves at 35; 70 and 140 mg/kgBW. Aspirin and sodiumdiclofenac were employeed as a standard for analgesic and antiinflammatory studies respectively. The result of the analysis show that etanol extract of the kelor leaves at doses 25 and 50 mg/kgBW decrease the number of writhing so that it have an analgesic power of 76.41±2.73% and 80.41±5.20%. Etanol extract of the kelor leaves at dosage 140 mg/kgBW show 24.30±2.960% antiinflammatory power and 46.37±6.434% on decreased COX-2 expression. PENDAHULUANObat antiinflamasi adalah golongan obat dengan aktivitas pada penahanan atau pengurangan radang. Aktifitas ini dapat dicapai dengan berbagai mekanisme, yaitu penghambatan pembentukan mediator radang prostaglandin dengan inhibisi enzim siklooksigenase (Nugroho, 2012). Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa obat antiinflamasi non steroid memiliki efek samping yang serius

Objective: Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant species that has potential as an antidiabetic. The present study was designed to evaluated molecullar mechanism antidiabetic ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves (EAFML). Methods:The study was conducted on 30 male wistar rats which were induced with the combination of streptozotocin and nicotinamide by intraperitoneal administration to make a model of type 2 diabetes. After the diabetic induction, all rats were divided into six group and once daily administered orally EAFML in doses standardized quercetine. The treatment was given for ten days, and on the final treatment, all rats were checked their blood glucose level and lipid profile. The skeletal muscles and liver were taken to examine glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) expression by immunohistochemistry. Results:The result of this study shows that the blood glucose level in diabetic rats with the treatment of EAFML decreased significantly from 355.8±83.7 mg/dL to 177.5±89.3 mg/dL. The cholesterol decreased significantly from 105.2±47.4 mg/dL to 58.6±6.9 mg/dL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in diabetic rats with the treatment of EAFML decreased significantly compared to control group from 175.6±41.9 mg/dL to 95.3±8.0 mg/dL. The expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscles increased from 0.7±1.0 to 3.9±1.1 and in the liver increased significantly from 1.8±1.3 to 2.9±1.9. Conclusion:The EAFML can decrease blood glucose level, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein in type 2 diabetic rat model. Other than that, this fraction can improve insulin sensitivity by the increase of GLUT4 expressions.

Pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan elemen penting dalam mewujudkan kesehatan masyarakat sehingga mutu pelayanannya harus selalu ditingkatkan. Mutu pelayanan salah satunya dicerminkan dalam kepuasan pasien. Masih adanya kasus aduan pasien menandakan masih adanya pelayanan yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kepuasan pasien Apotek Kimia Farma Magetan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dengan jumlah sampel 180 pasien. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan tertinggi pada dimensi kepastian sedangkan dimensi empati menunjukkan tingkat kepuasan paling rendah. Sebagian besar pasien pelayanan kefarmasian berjenis kelamin perempuan yaitu sebanyak 56,1%, usia 46-65 tahun yakni 64,4% dan memiliki tingkat pendidikan SMA/SMK sebesar 38,3%. Sebagian besar pasien pelayanan kefarmasian di Apotek Kimia Farma Magetan memiliki tingkat kepuasan dalam kategori puas sebesar 51,1%.

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