The present study examines the neuropharmacological and antidiabetic properties of methanol leaves extract of Lannea coromandelica in animal models. This study is carried out by elevated plus-maze apparatus, motor coordination, thiopental sodium has an induction role in sleeping time, hole board, hole cross, open field, antidiabetic studies. Mice were treated doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight in elevated plus-maze apparatus and motor coordination; 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight in sleeping time, hole cross, hole board, and open field tests; and 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in the antidiabetic activity test. Extraction specifies a significantly decreased time duration and sleeping time in a thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test. The experimental extract decreased locomotor and exploratory behaviors of mice in the open-field and hole-cross tests compared to the effects of the control. Furthermore, the extract increased sleeping time with a dose-dependent onset of action. The hole-board test extract also demonstrated a reduced number of head dips. The findings showed that L. coromandelica has potential neuropharmacological effects. In addition, in alloxan-induced diabetic mice, leaves extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight revealed significant antidiabetic properties and could be used to manage blood glucose levels with more research.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a primary cause of death globally. A few classic and hybrid treatments exist to treat CVDs. However, they lack in both safety and effectiveness. Thus, innovative nanomaterials for disease diagnosis and treatment are urgently required. The tiny size of nanomaterials allows them to reach more areas of the heart and arteries, making them ideal for CVDs. Atherosclerosis causes arterial stenosis and reduced blood flow. The most common treatment is medication and surgery to stabilize the disease. Nanotechnologies are crucial in treating vascular disease. Nanomaterials may be able to deliver medications to lesion sites after being infused into the circulation. Newer point-of-care devices have also been considered together with nanomaterials. For example, this study will look at the use of nanomaterials in imaging, diagnosing, and treating CVDs.

Modern electronic devices need effective shielding from external Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) to function correctly. The Electromagnetic (EM) waves emerging from communication systems and medical devices must be isolated to safeguard humans from exposure. The mechanics of EMI shielding as well as several characterization methods are discussed in this paper. Existing trends and practices of designing, fabrication and use of polymer matrix composites for EMI shielding applications are covered. Several approaches and new solutions for fabricating composites either by modification of filler or matrix are discussed and prominent features of EMI shielding material are also discussed. Conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene make them adept for EMI shielding applications. An assessment of the different factors affecting the performance of EMI shielding materials is also presented.

This study was intended to evaluate the fluoride concentration in drinking water and its effect on dental fluorosis in Southwest Saudi Arabia. Water samples were gathered rom wells, filtration plants and commercial brands (bottled water) in distinct urban and rural areas of Asir region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Overall, 63 water samples were collected from 12 locations and 9 brands of bottled water. ExStik® FL700Fluoridemeter was used in the analysis of water samples for fluoride levels. The total number of screened patients for dental fluorosis, aged between 9 and 50 years, was 1150; among them, 609 were males and 541 were females. Dean’s index criteria were used to examine the patients for dental fluorosis. The results revealed that fluoride levels varied between 0.03 and 3.8 ppm. People who drank well water displayed increased fluoride levels (>0.81 ppm). The prevalence of dental fluorosis was established to be 20.43% among the total number of examined patients. The findings of this study show very mild to moderate dental fluorosis prevail among the patients who consume well water in the Asir region.

The present study aims to prepare a polyherbal formulation (PHF) of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera), Allium sativum (garlic), Acacia arabica (Babul), and Aegle marmelos (Bel) and evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity utilizing the in vitro model. Air-dried powder of 5 medicinal plants, which are divided into equal portions, and PHF, is prepared by the soxhlet technique using polar and nonpolar solvents. The PHF is screened for the phytochemical screening, and then the antidiabetic activity is determined by alpha-amylase inhibition. The extracts thus obtained are also subjected to the inhibition assay by the use of (DNS) dinitro salicylic acid. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging assay, H2O2 scavenging assay, and TBARS assay. In in vitro study, the result revealed polyherbal formulation in which hot water extract has the topmost inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase activity, ranging from 20.4% to 79.5% with an IC50 value of 48.98 ± 0.31 μg/ml. This extract clearly showed the effective lowering of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPHG). In the antioxidant activity carried out by using the (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the highest result was obtained by the concentration of 250 μg/ml, which was around 77.2 ± 0.05 with statistical significance compared with control (a: p < 0.01 ; b: p < 0.001 ), while in the GTA method, the highest result was obtained by the concentration of 250 μg/ml, which was around 78.2 ± 0.05, and in the case of the TBARS assay, the concentration of 250 μg/ml gave around 76.2 ± 0.03 anti-oxidant value. In conclusion, the study shows that polyherbal formulation has superior antidiabetic activity and antioxidant properties.