Modern technology is developing rapidly. One branch of industrial technology that is particularly popular at the moment is artificial intelligence (AI) that facilitates society's daily life. On smartphones, artificial intelligence can be found in map applications, personal assistants, shopping websites, and various other applications. Saudi Arabia granted an AI-based robot named Sophia citizenship, and the Shibuya Mirai robot was granted a residence permit by Japan. AI-based technology is used every day and has become a common thing in various parts of the world; however, in Indonesia, legal regulations regarding AI do not yet exist. As a result, a legal vacuum has emerged. When a loss occurs, responsibility can be borne by various parties ranging from consumers, producers, third parties (such as robot trainers or shipping couriers) to the robot itself. Which party will be determined responsible depends upon how a country positions AI. If Indonesia follows in Saudi Arabia's footsteps, then the responsibility will be borne by the AI robot as a citizen. The robot will have the right to sue and be sued, to get the same position before the law, including other rights and obligations, enjoyed by human citizens. Artificial intelligence law-making is a very complicated process and will involve many parties. How Indonesia positions AI is very crucial, particularly in the event of harm or danger caused by AI systems. Various frameworks and concepts can be used, ranging from equating artificial intelligence to living beings, such as humans, pets, or ordinary products to creating entirely new concepts for a legal framework regulating AI-based systems. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Responsibility, AI Law.
The Facebook case of shutting down Artificial Intelligence (AI), which was able to create its own language, worried many people because it had far-reaching consequences for human life, inspiring the establishment of a non-profit company Open AI which aims to avoid misuse of AI in the world. This article is based on normative legal research that refers to secondary data. Data collection, processing, and analysis are carried out qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman models. The paradox that accompanies the development of technology, especially robots with AI capabilities needs to be taken seriously by the executive, legislative, judicial and legal academics. With the ability to learn and make decisions, AI robots can decide for themselves various actions that will be taken out of their owner's control. There is a shift in the treatment of AI robots that are seen as legal objects (goods), then equated with pets, treated as legal subjects as well as humans and legal entities. While the regulation on that, is not immediately sought, so the existence of AI robots is in a grey area. The fact is that AI robots are able to develop their own communication systems that are not understood by their creators, as happened in the case of Facebook. This requires all components to reorganize human relations with God, fellow living beings and products of human creation in a set of legal and social rules for the survival of humanity itself.
Genetically Modified foods are now being widely consumed. In 2011, more than 90% of corns and soybeans in the US are genetically modified. Research shows in America the people suffering from allergies are increasing. Some people connected the allergies with the widely consumed genetically modified foods. But other researchers show that genetically modified food bring no harms to human. In fact, genetically modified foods are cheaper and will be a great tool to fight against poverty and hunger. But in countries like Italy, Austria, and the Netherlands, they have fully banned genetically modified organisms, making them the GMO’s free Country. In the survey conducted, most consumers are not educated enough about GMO. They also concern about the impact of genetically modified food on human health, environmental and animal health.
Population Growth, technology and interaction with the society has been grown up hedonism for example like using handphone, wearing jewelry, driving vehicle, until land tenure in Kanekes / Baduy colony that previously had ascetic culture. There is a tendency between the legal culture and applicable legal system. The moral principles that were adopted began to be ruled out aside like Baduy Tangtu, rather open than Baduy Penamping and vividly by Baduy Dangka who became a mualaf or married with the local. In the beginning of 2004, Baduy society yet had around 850 Ha area that had been brought from the local with the average of ownership of each person around 1-2 Ha. Meanwhile, Urang Tangtu & the Jakarta begin to overwhelm the land in absentee method which is violated by national agrarian law and Kanekes village regulation. In Lembah Brokah & Landeuh village which is fostered by YASMUI and At-Taubah 60 Foundation, Baduy mualaf obtained waqf from them whom prersuade other parties to purchase the land around Kanekes Village to cultivated with profit sharing system.
The original clone that was naturally further evolved into artificial cloning since the end of the 20th century continues to grow rapidly and became a hot issue as ' Dolly the sheep ' sticking up the surface. There are many obstacles, misperceptible and controversies especially for biomolecular researchers and biotechnology. The topic of cloning is very interesting and challenging and is believed to bring benefits to the advancement of humanity, on the other hand cloning directly related to humanity's values, ethics, and the full laws of controversies. Cloning can be utilized as a therapist, reproductively, and a replacement. This article is the result of normative legal research that is based on secondary data. Cloning reproductions produce multicell organisms that are genetically idientic without fertilization to form a human clone that removes the unique nature and becomes a burden of immense expectation and environmental acceptance issues also lose Growth period experience. Cloning can be abused as a commodity of goods that can be traded for the benefit of organ transparency, labor, similarity of figures as well as other exploitative acts rather than as a whole person who is feared to be Destroying human dignity so that it is necessary to immediately create strict rules about human cloning.
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