Polimorfisme enzim mempengaruhi respon obat baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Varian genetik CYP2B6 berkontribusi pada perubahan metabolisme obat dan konsentrasi plasma. Polimorfisme nukleotida tunggal CYP2B6 yang diketahui, CYP2B6*9 (c.516G> T, g.15631, Q172H, rs 3745274) di ekson 4 menunjukkan variabilitas antar-etnis yang cukup besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi polimorfisme CYP2B6*9 pada populasi suku Jawa di Indonesia. Sebanyak 89 subjek sehat berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Polimorfisme CYP2B6*9 dianalisis dengan metode modifikasi alel-spesifik PCR untuk mengkonfirmasi prevalensi SNP dari 516G> T di ekson 4. Analisis ini melibatkan 89 orang subjek uji. Distribusi genotipe 516G/T CYP2B6 pada populasi Jawa teridentifikasi sebagai berikut: GG - 4,5%, GT - 88,8% dan TT - 6,7%. Frekuensi alel 516G/T dari gen CYP2B6 dalam populasi adalah G = 48,92% dan T = 51,08%. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan yang diamati antara jenis kelamin (p>0,05, OR = 1,473, 95% CI [0,809-2,684]). Urutan berbasis populasi dianalisis dengan metode Hardy-Weinberg. Polimorfisme gen CYP2B6*9 ditemukan pada populasi suku Jawa. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak varian ini pada respons klinis obat.
Background: Dopamine plays an important role in mediating the rewarding properties in the abuse of drugs. The Taq1A polymorphism is a commonly studied DRD2 gene variant whereby carriers of the low-function T allele (T/T or T/C genotypes) show reduced brain dopamine function. Therefore, individuals who have the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism will experience higher levels of drug addiction because the T allele is associated with a reduced number of dopamine binding sites in the brain. A study of this gene has been conducted in some areas, but there is no research for the population of Indonesia. Objective: This study will focus on the frequency of the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism in the population of Indonesia and define its association with drug addiction. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in which 182 subjects were divided into 91 drugaddicted patients and 91 non-drug-addicted control subjects. The genotype analysis was carried out by a modified allele-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: The frequency of the T/T and C/T was significantly higher in the addicted than control subjects. They are 6.6% and 63.7% compared to 0% and 3.3%. Likewise, the T allele is more frequent in the addicted equal to 38%, compared to only 2% in the control subjects. The frequency of the T allele between the addicted and control subjects shows a significant difference (p-value < 0.0001; 95% CI), with the addicted being at a higher risk of having the T allele (OR = 37.3; 95% CI [11.46-121.29]). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the frequency of the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism between addicted patients and control subjects. Thus, there is an association between this gene polymorphism and the development of drug addiction with T allele increases the predisposition to addiction.
Artritis Rematoid adalah penyakit inflamasi sistemik yang bersifat kronik dan terdapat pada struktur artikular persendian. Banyak ahli berpendapat bahwa mekanisme penyakit ini berhubungan dengan sistem imun yang ditandai terutama oleh ekspresi Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh SNEDDS GVT-0 terhadap penurunan kadar sitokin IL-1β dan perbedaannya terhadap suspensi GVT-0 pada hewan uji tikus Wistar jantan terinduksi Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). Setelah diinduksi CFA pada hari ke-0 dan ditunggu selama 14 hari serta dilakukan skoring artritis menggunakan parameter indeks artritis. Pada hari ke-15 kelompok tikus kontrol negatif diberi aquades peroral. Kontrol positif diberi metotreksat (p.o) dan kelompok perlakuan diberi SNEDDS GVT-0 (p.o) serta suspensi GVT-0 (p.o) dengan dosis 40 mg/kg BB tikus. Perbedaan antar perlakuan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan metode ANAVA satu jalan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Turkey. Hasil yang diperoleh SNEDDS GVT-0 memiliki aktivitas menurunkan kadar sitokin IL-1β sebesar 65,8 %. SNEDDS GVT-0 mampu menurunkan kadar IL-1β secara signifikan, sehingga SNEDDS GVT-0 lebih baik dibandingkan suspensi GVT-0 dalam menurunkan kadar IL-1β. Kata Kunci: Artritis rematoid, SNEDDS, Gamavuton-0, sitokin IL-1β
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