La progresiva incorporación de las tecnologías digitales en la educación superior ha puesto de manifiesto la necesaria competencia digital docente (CDD). Una competencia que no solo implica conocimientos técnicos, sino también pedagógicos y de empoderamiento del estudiante. En la última década, algunas universidades han revisado sus planes de digitalización o transformación digital, alineando sus estrategias y políticas formativas en el desarrollo de esta competencia, algo que todavía se ha vuelto más necesario, si cabe, durante la crisis sanitaria derivada de la Covid-19. El presente artículo, que se enmarca en un proyecto de investigación basado en el diseño de una plataforma de autoevaluación y formación en CDD, profundiza de manera cualitativa en la valoración del profesorado acerca de esta competencia, en la utilidad de esta plataforma de evaluación y formación, y en la percepción sobre el efecto de la pandemia en este ámbito. Las entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad de docentes universitarios, gestores universitarios y técnicos en tecnología educativa (n=15), fuente principal de información, permiten profundizar en el análisis de la CDD y generar una serie de principios de diseño útiles para el desarrollo de este tipo de plataformas y para el diseño de estrategias y políticas de formación digital del profesorado.
La digitalización en la educación superior ha supuesto la necesidad apremiante de contar con profesorado digitalmente competente, evidenciándose aún más frente a la Covid-19. Las universidades han implementado estrategias diversas para ayudar al profesorado a desarrollar dicha competencia digital docente y si bien existen marcos e iniciativas institucionales, no se dispone de suficiente literatura científica que las describa. Esta investigación busca analizar las características y resultados de las estrategias formativas para desarrollar la competencia digital docente en el ámbito universitario. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las principales bases de datos, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Partiendo de 322 documentos, y tras las fases de filtrado, se analizó en profundidad un total de 20 documentos. Los resultados indican que mayoritariamente estas estrategias inciden en áreas como la competencia profesional y el uso de las tecnologías en el proceso formativo. Asimismo, gran parte de las estrategias se basan en acciones aisladas, como cursos o seminarios, aunque emergen metodologías colaborativas, experienciales y basadas en la reflexión; aspectos muy valorados por el profesorado. Como conclusiones surge que, más allá de acciones aisladas, resulta clave disponer de adecuadas estrategias institucionales para potenciar la competencia digital docente y favorecer una verdadera transformación digital.
Today, university teachers need to have not only basic digital skills, but to be able to use technologies in teaching-learning processes, in their professional development and that of their students. This article focuses on analysing digital teaching competence (DTC), and exploring its dimensions based on the self-perception of a sample of 558 teachers from a Spanish university, following the European DigCompEdu framework. According to the results, university teachers perceive themselves to have an intermediate level of DTC. Technical and professional aspects were higher than the pedagogical ones and those that refer to the effect on student’s digital competence. The ANOVA test did not show significant differences in DTC according to the academic position, but it did according to the scientific area. One of the most significant findings is that the DTC would not be a unitary construct; after the factorial analysis of the items, three categories were obtained that can constitute different teaching typologies: the inspiring teacher, the creator and the tutor. This study provides a new instrument to explore university teachers’ level of DTC and contributes to the debate on this competence by exploring the categories that underlie it, providing data that can be useful both at a scientific level and in the development of practices and policies for teaching improvement.
The importance of promoting digital transformation processes in higher education has been increasing over in the last decade. Recently, the impact of the health crisis experienced in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic on educational activity has further accelerated this transformation. In order to take advantage of the potential of digital tools in educational processes, as well as to manage these new learning situations, it is essential for university faculties to have an adequate level of digital teaching competence (DTC). This article aims to explore this competence in depth, by analysing the self-perceived level of DTC of university teaching staff and their assessment in each of the areas that comprise it. The research was carried out in a Spanish public university with a sample of 61 university teaching staff, following the methodological approach of educational design research (EDR), through quantitative and qualitative instruments for collecting information from a sample of key informants and potential users. The results suggest that the questionnaire has validity for its function, and detects those areas of digital competence in which participants need to improve, and those in which their level of competence is optimal. As for the evaluation of the university faculty, the results show a medium-to-high level of competence, and when evaluating the tool, they have highlighted its usefulness. In conclusion, the need to have DTC assessment tools in higher education that allow faculties to reflect on their own digital competence is essential today, in order to carry out quality teaching and learning processes adapted to the needs of students.
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