The article analyzes the peculiarities of language self-presentation of Internet users. The results of the study of nicknames as means of linguistic self-presentation of persons with eating disorders in the specialized Internet forums are presented. The psychological analysis of users’ nicknames of sites of anorexic and overweight individuals is presented which gives an opportunity to assert that nicknames reflect the specific nutritional problem and self-administration of a person in connection with it. The predominance of the female audience of such sites is revealed and hence the greater urgency of the problem of standards of the body for women. In the process of analysis, on the basis of psycholinguistic and projective approaches, the main categories of nicknames are singled out: exo-decorative names; metaphorical, decorative and mysterious nicknames; mythical and fantasy characters; destructive, problem image; names that reflect the physical status, etc. It has been established that nicknames as attributes of linguistic self-presentation of users of specialized forums, is a symbolic projection of the discourse of their existence and reveals the features of real or desired body parameters; dissatisfaction with weight, with your body, yourself and life in general; fixation on the issue of nutrition and weight reduction; the desire to be fenced off from reality. Differences in the linguistic self-presentation of anorexics and overweight individuals are revealed, in particular, a more positive modality of self-presentation of overweight individuals; the representation of various categories of linguistic self-presentation in these groups which allows to assert the difference in the mechanisms of psychological protection in these groups of users. The analysis of the features of nicknames as a means of linguistic self-presentation is useful both for the purpose of psychodiagnostics of people with eating disorders, as well as in the process of developing and providing them with psychological assistance.
Метою статті є аналіз застосування біографічного методу у дослідженні формування проблемної харчової поведінки. Дослідження здійснювалося за допомогою методики тематичного ретроспективного аналізу МТРА-їжа, що є варіантом біографічного методу (Шебанова, 2016). Дані було опрацьовано за допомогою контент-аналізу, застосовувався φ-критерій Фішера для порівняння відмінностей між групами досліджуваних. Підтверджено ефективність біографічного методу в дослідженні проблемної харчової поведінки. В результаті дослідження уточнено особливості становлення харчової поведінки та її розладів. З’ясовано, що різноманітні форми харчового насильства, прямі й непрямі способи примусу до харчової активності або її блокування проявляються в ігноруванні дорослими смакових уподобань дитини, її бажання та готовності приймати їжу. Встановлено, що найчастіше батьки застосовували маніпулятивні техніки для впливу на харчову поведінку дітей (заохочення, спонукання, обіцянки винагороди, схвалення, визнання, застереження, переключення уваги), прямі засоби впливу – прийоми примусу (заборона, обмеження, відторгнення, деструктивна критика, залякування, позбавлення різноманітних форм задоволення). Статистично підтверджено, що застосування батьками засобів маніпуляції та/або прямого примусу щодо дитини в ситуації приймання їжі зумовлює формування патологічних процесів тілесності, специфічних настанов і психологічних механізмів, які є предумовою харчових розладів
The article is devoted to the problems of contemporary psychology-beliefs, various forms of psychological support and the specificity of parental attitudes of parents of children with dyslexia. The aim of this article is to analyze the pa rents' beliefs about typical forms of psychological support in the context of the developmental dyslexia in their children and in terms of parental attitudes manifested by parents. The article shows that the parents' beliefs about the validity, effectiveness and necessity of psychological support are of great importance, because they determine the level of the child's commitment in the offered help. The study was carried out on 50 adults aged 25-45 (25 parents of children with dyslexia, 25 parents of nondyslexic children), with the use a selfdesigned survey which examined the beliefs concerning typical forms of psychological support and the Parental Attitudes Scale by M. Plopa. The study did not show any differences between the parents of dyslexic and nondyslexic children in terms of the validity and effectiveness of the diag nosis, consultations and psychotherapy, regardless of their own experience with regard to the child's use of help. It was found that the parents' experience regarding to the frequency of using psychological, logopedic and pedagogical care by their children is not a decisive factor in parents' convictions relating to various types of professional support. There are single links between some parental attitudes and parents' beliefs about various aspects of psychological support; there are no differences in intensity of these links in parents of dyslexic and nondyslexic children. It was found that parents' beliefs regarding psychological support may be due to the other factors that we have not taken into consideration and will be investigated in our further research.
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