VVD hypotensive type significantly reduces the quality of life, prevents normal growth and differentiation of organs and tissues of the child’s body, promotes the formation of a number of life-threatening pathological processes in adulthood. In order to determine the initial vegetative tonus in 63 children aged 11-14 years suffering from hypotensive type VVD, the averaged values of cardiointervalograms consisting of 100 consecutive cardiocycles were determined. Vegetative reactivity has been studied through the conduct and evaluation of a clinoortostatic test, consisting in the sequential recording of blood pressure and cardiograms first in a horizontal and then in an upright position. As a control group, 27 practically healthy peers were examined, who underwent a similar complex of clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by parametric and nonparametric methods with the help of STATISTICA and Microsoft Excel for Windows packages on the IBM “Pentium 166” computer. As a result of the study, a significant difference in vegetative tone was found in children with hypotensive VVD from normal. In this case, vegetative status is characterized either by the initial high level of functioning of sympathoadrenal regulatory mechanisms with insufficient increase in their adaptive activity or by the predominance of the initial cholinergic vegetative tension and the corresponding hypersympathicotonic reactivity, which is the marker of the greatest threat of transformation in this group of children of the hypersensitive type to the hypertensive and then into hypertensive disease.
Цель. Изучить иммунный статус в период острых респираторных вирусных инфекций (ОРВИ) у детей с бронхиальной астмой (БА). Материалы и методы. Обследованы 96 детей в возрасте от 3 до 7 лет во время развития у них ОРВИ. При этом 62 ребенка (основная группа) страдали БА, 34 – не имели проявлений аллергии в анамнезе и составляли группу сравнения. В контрольную группу вошли 20 здоровых детей аналогичного возраста. У всех пациентов определяли уровни интерферонов a и g, интерлейкинов (ИЛ)-4, ИЛ-5, ИЛ-13, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD22+, иммуноглобулинов (Ig) A, M, G, E. Результаты. Установлено, что ОРВИ у детей, страдающих БА, отличаются осложненным и торпидным течением, увеличением длительности ос-новных синдромов и общей длительности заболевания (в основной группе 15,47±0,56 дня, в группе сравнения – 9,35±0,74 дня; р<0,001). Иммунный статус детей с БА в период ОРВИ характеризуется достоверным (р<0,05) более низким относительным содержанием в крови Т-лимфоцитов (CD3+), повышением уровня общего IgE и снижением концентрации сывороточного IgA во все периоды ОРВИ. Заключение. Иммунный статус детей с БА в период ОРВИ характеризуется угнетением как клеточного, так и гуморального звеньев иммунитета, сохраняющимся в момент клинического выздоровления. Ключевые слова: острая респираторная инфекция, бронхиальная астма, дети, кашель, иммунитет. Для цитирования: Мельникова И.Ю., Буряк В.Н., Дудко М.В. и др. Клинико-иммунологические особенности при острых респираторных вирусных инфекциях у детей с бронхиальной астмой. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 1: 58–61. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2020.1.190691
Background. In most industrialized countries, allergic diseases affect up to 20% of the population. This pathology belongs to the most common in children: according to the World Health Organization, more than 15% of the world's child population suffers from it. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the frequency and more severe course of these diseases, in connection with which they are considered in modern society as a major medical and social problem. Thus, the prevalence of bronchial asthma, according to domestic and foreign authors, ranges from 0.2 to 8.1%. Purpose. In order to clarify the role of the autonomic nervous system in the genesis of the mild course of atopic bronchial asthma in childhood, the features of the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system in the examined children were clarified. Materials and methods. 126 children aged 10 to 14 years were examined. Atopic bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 91 children. At the same time, 61 of them were diagnosed with an intermittent course, 30 a mild persistent course of the disease. The control group consisted of 35 healthy children also aged 10 to 14 years. Complaints, anamnesis data were studied in all children, an objective and generally accepted laboratory and instrumental examination was carried out. All examined children underwent daily monitoring of the electrocardiogram, according to the results of which, based on the analysis of time and frequency indicators of heart rate variability, a variant of the initial autonomic tone was established. Results. In children with atopic bronchial asthma, both with intermittent and mild persistent course, an absolute or relative dominance of sympathetic influences was revealed against the background of varying degrees of decrease in parasympathetic activity, which was interpreted as a compensatory reaction of the body in response to chronic allergic inflammation.
Обоснование. В детском возрасте кардиальная патология представлена преимущественно невоспалительными заболеваниями. В структуре ука-занных заболеваний в последние десятилетия наметилось устойчивое преобладание вегетососудистых дисфункций (ВСД). В подавляющем боль-шинстве случаев при этом развивается их гипотензивный тип. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 89 подростков в возрасте от 11 до 14 лет, страдающих ВСД по гипотензивному типу, среди них 36 подростков, у которых ВСД сочеталась с гиперплазией щитовидной железы 1-й степени (ВСД+ЩЖ), и 53 подростка с ВСД, имеющих в анамнезе указания на перинатальное поражение центральной нервной системы (ППЦНС). Контрольную группу составили 69 здоровых подростков аналогичного воз-раста. Всем обследованным выполнено типирование 15 антигенов группы А и 24 антигена группы В главного комплекса гистосовместимости HLA. Результаты. При определении силы ассоциации типированных антигенов с ВСД+ЩЖ наиболее выраженная связь констатирована у антигена В44, в меньшей степени – антигенов В15 и В5, а также антигена А1. Ассоциация с ППЦНС наиболее выраженной оказалась для антигенов В44 и А29. Достаточно сильной была связь с болезнью антигена В13. В несколько меньшей степени она определялась для антигенов А25 и А19. Досто-верно более частая встречаемость у подростков с ВСД антигена В44 как при сопутствующей гиперплазии щитовидной железы, так и при наличии анамнестических указаний на перенесенное в перинатальном периоде поражение ЦНС свидетельствует о подобном механизме наследования и развития ВСД у подростков. Наличие у ребенка антигена В44 позволяет с высокой долей вероятности прогнозировать возможность развития у него ВСД. Ключевые слова: подростки, вегетососудистая дисфункция, гиперплазия щитовидной железы, антигены. Для цитирования: Мельникова И.Ю., Буряк В.Н. Характеристика врожденных и наследственных факторов и их роль в генезе вегетососудистой дисфункции по гипотензивному типу. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 2: 56–61. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2020.2.200244
BACKGROUND: The problem of atopic dermatitis today remains one of the unsolved problems of pediatrics and pediatric allergology. Among the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis, the role of endo-allergens formed as a result of impaired digestion and absorption processes in the gastrointestinal tract of a child is separately noted. In such conditions, the load on the detoxification function of the liver increases. In connection with this circumstance, the study of the functional activity of the liver in children with atopic dermatitis is of particular interest. One of its criteria is the nature of intrahepatic hemodynamics. AIM: To find out the features of intrahepatic hemodynamics in the development of atopic dermatitis in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 83 children aged 6 months to 5 years with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, who made up the main research group, and 33 practically healthy children of the same age, who formed a control group, were examined. The nature of heredity for allergic pathology and morbidity of the gastrointestinal tract was found out in all patients. To obtain information about the functional activity of the liver in all children, hepatic blood flow in the hepatic artery and hepatic vein was studied. RESULTS: Violation of intrahepatic hemodynamics was revealed in children with atopic dermatitis. The blood flow in the hepatic artery in them was characterized by a decrease, and the blood flow in the hepatic vein was characterized by an increase in speed indicators. The detected violations of intrahepatic hemodynamics in children with atopic dermatitis are regarded by the authors of this study as a manifestation of a decrease in the functional activity of hepatocytes in conditions of increased allergenic load. CONCLUSIONS: The study clearly demonstrated a violation of the functional state of hepatocytes in children suffering from atopic dermatitis, expressed in the suppression of hepatic hemodynamics. The question of the primary or secondary nature of this violation is the subject of discussion and further scientific research.
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