The widespread introduction of genetic testing in recent years has made it possible to determine that more than a third of cases of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPPGs) are caused by germline mutations. Despite the variety of catecholamine-producing tumors manifestations, there is a sufficient number of clinical and laboratory landmarks that suggest a hereditary genesis of the disease and even a specific syndrome. These include a family history, age of patient, presence of concomitant conditions, and symptoms of the disease. Considering that each of the mutations is associated with certain diseases that often determine tactics of treatment and examination of a patient, e.g. high risk of various malignancies. Awareness of the practitioner on the peculiarities of the course of family forms of PPPGs will allow improving the tactics of managing these patients.The article provides up-to-date information on the prevalence of hereditary PPPGs. The modern views on the pathogenesis of the disease induced by different mutations are presented. The main hereditary syndromes associated with PPPGs are described, including multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2A and 2B, type 1 neurofibromatosis, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, hereditary paraganglioma syndrome, as well as clinical and laboratory features of the tumor in these conditions. The main positions on the necessity of genetic screening in patients with PPPGs are given.
Thyrotropinoma is a rare pituitary tumor that causes the development of thyrotoxicosis syndrome as a result of hyperproduction of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). In the Russian literature over the past 10 years, one case of thyrotropinoma in a child, four cases of TSH-producing pituitary adenoma in women and only one in a man have been described. The article presents a unique clinical case of a 20-years history of observation of a patient with TSH-oma. The rarity of this disease led to the fact that it took more than 10 years to make a correct diagnosis. The first operation of thyroid gland was performed before the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma and inappropriate TSH secretion syndrome. That right hemithyroidectomy was supposed to cure a toxic adenoma of thyroid gland. The diagnosis of thyrotropin-secreting piruitary tumor was established only after 6 years even after finding a combination of pituitary adenoma and thyrotoxicosis. After that, the patient steadfastly refuses neurosurgical treatment, despite the presence of macroadenoma with intrasellar growth. The therapy with somatostatin analogs led to patient’s intolerance with gastrointestinal side effects and hospitalization for acute pancreatitis. The absence of the therapy due to low compliance led to long-term persistence of thyrotoxicosis. The absence of signs and symptoms of expanding tumor mass (visual field defects, loss of vision, headache, partial or total hypopituitarism) demonstrates the slow growth of this kind of pituitary tumor. The long-term effect of elevated TSH levels led to diffuse goiter with compression of the neck organs, and the need of the surgical treatment of the thyroid. Stable euthyroidism after the operation led to stable normoglycemia in the patient with previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2. This fact should keep an attention of physicians and endocrinologists to screen for the secondary reasons of hyperglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus manifestation. Long-term history of thyrotoxicosis led to the deleterious effects of thyroid hormone excess on the heart (atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, cardiac failure). Those effects are still observed even after thyroidectomy and medical euthyroidism achievement. This fact demonstrates the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of TSH-omas.
Цель-выявить патогенетические факторы формирования панкреатогенной сердечной недостаточнос ти в ближайшем и отдаленном периодах. Материал и методы. Исследования проведены на 130 крысах самцах линии Вистар массой 292±4,0 г, разбитых на 4 группы. Животных наркотизировали этиловым эфиром. В трех экспериментальных группах моделировали острый деструктивный панкреатит путем введения в ткань поджелудочной железы желчи, взятой из желчного протока, из расчета 0,15 мл/кг массы тела. Через 24 часа, 7 дней и 1 месяц воспроизво дили модель изолированного изоволюмически сокращающегося сердца по E. L. Fallen et al. Давление в ле вом желудочке измеряли электроманометром ВМТ и регистрировали его вместе с первой производной на приборе Н338 4П, рассчитывая систолическое и диастолическое давление, скорости сокращения и расслаб ления. Одновременно брали пробы перфузата, прошедшего через коронарное русло, в котором унифициро ванными методами определяли активность аспартатаминотрансферазы (АсАТ) и глюкозы. Для выявления механизмов кардиодепрессии осуществляли навязывание высокого ритма сокращений, гиперкальциевую и гипоксическую перфузию. Результаты. Установлено, что острый деструктивный панкреатит нарушает силовые и скоростные пара метры сократительной функции сердца (снижение систолического давления, скоростей сокращения и рас слабления миокарда левого желудочка, увеличение диастолического давления, как отражение контрактур ных сокращений кардиомиоцитов). Особенно отчетливо эти нарушения выявляются при навязывании высокого ритма сокращений сердца и гиперкальциевой и гипоксической перфузии изолированных сердец. Возрастает также потребление глюкозы на каждый мм рт. ст. развиваемого желудочком давления. Заключение. Важнейшими патогенетическими факторами панкреатогенной сердечной недостаточнос ти являются гипоксия, деструкция мембран кардиомиоцитов, ингибирование Са насоса сарколеммы и сар коплазматического ретикулума, митохондриальная дисфункция. Максимальная депрессия сократимости миокарда левого желудочка выявляется в течение первых суток и через месяц после моделирования панкре онекроза. Ключевые слова: острый панкреатит; сердечная недостаточность; кардиодепрессия Objective is to identify the pathogenic factors for progression of pancreatogenic cardiac failure in the nearest and remote periods. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 130 male Wistar rats (292±4.0 g) divided into 4 groups. The animals were anesthetized with ethyl ether. Acute destructive pancreatitis was simulated in three experimental groups by infusion of bile (0.15 ml/kg body weight) taken from the bile duct into the pancreatic tissue. The isolated isovolumically contracting rat heart (according to E. L. Fallen et al) was simulated 24 hours, 7 days and 1 month after the bile infusion. The pressure in the left ventricle was measured by electric manometer BMT and registered along with the first derivative at the device N338 4P calculating the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the speed of Original Investigations Conclusion. the most significant p...
Is it advisable to perform preoperative laryngoscopy in all patients due to undergo the thyroid and parathyroid surgery? Analysis of 5172 preoperative laryngoscopies При ежегодном росте хирургических вмешательств на щитовидной и околощитовидных железах диагностика тако-го серьезного осложнения, как парез гортани, остается актуальной. Основным методом контроля функции гортани является эндоскопическая ларингоскопия. Своевременное выявление нарушения функции гортани в послеопера-ционном периоде позволяет в кратчайшие сроки направить пациента на лечение к специалисту. Однако роль ларингоскопии в предоперационном периоде до сих пор точно не определена. Основным спорным вопросом остается необходимость выполнения предоперационной ларингоскопии всем пациентам с планируемой операци-ей на щитовидной или околощитовидных железах. В данной работе проанализировано 5172 последовательных эндоскопических ларингоскопии. Определена роль предоперационной ларингоскопии при планировании оперативного вмешательства на щитовидной или околощи-товидных железах. Цель. Оценка целесообразности рутинного выполнения ларингоскопии пациентам, которым предстоит оператив-ное вмешательство по поводу заболеваний щитовидной и околощитовидных желез. Материал и методы. В работе представлен анализ результатов предоперационной ларингоскопии у 5172 паци-ентов, которые были госпитализированы в отделение для выполнения оперативного вмешательства на щитовид-ной и околощитовидных железах. Результаты. Односторонний парез гортани был выявлен у 12 (0,23%) из 5172 больных. Пациентов с двусторонним парезом гортани не было. Выводы. Предоперационный парез гортани встречается редко, выполнение рутинной эндоскопической ларинго-скопии всем пациентам, планирующим оперативное лечение на щитовидной или околощитовидных железах, неце-лесообразно.Ключевые слова: парез гортани, операции на щитовидной железе, операции на околощитовидных железах, ларингоскопия, осложнения в эндокринной хирургии.
BACKGROUND: For a comprehensive assessment of the effect of surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), as well as for monitoring the condition of patients after treatment, it sounds reasonable to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and symptoms in PHPT patients before and after surgery.AIM: The aim of this study was to assess changes in the QoL and symptoms in patients with PHPT after surgery.MATERIALS AND METHODS: During prospective observational study, patients filled out QoL questionnaires and evaluated the presence and severity of their symptoms prior to parathyroidectomy (PTE) and 3, 12 months after surgery. Statistical analysis included the following methods: Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon’s non-parametric test, the generalized estimating equations (GEE), correlation analysis, χ2 and McNemar tests.RESULTS: The study included 72 patients (mean age 52 years, 97.2% female) with symptomatic (68.1%) and asymptomatic (31.9%) PHPT. Before surgery patients with PHPT exhibited significantly decreased role functioning, physical and social well-being, and vitality. Half of PHPT patients experienced moderate-to-severe symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, loss of concentration, mood changes, as well as joint and bone pain; the association between symptoms experienced and the extent of QoL impairment before surgery was shown. Three months after PTE improvement in both physical and psychological components of QoL was shown. Positive QoL changes were demonstrated in patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic PHPT and they preserved for 12 months after surgery. Also within 12 months after PTE significant decrease in PHPT-associated symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, loss of concentration and mood changes was found.CONCLUSION: The results obtained demonstrate efficacy of PTE from the patient’s perspective and confirm the value of QoL assessment in PHPT patients in management of this patients’ population both for decision making and for evaluation of benefits of surgery and the degree of recovery of patients at long term follow-up.
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