The method of determining coordinates of an airborne object using ADS-B receivers was improved. The method involves the following sequence of actions: input of initial data, measurement of coordinates of the airborne object by the radar, checking the availability of data about the airborne object obtained from the ADS-B receivers. In the absence of such data, coordinates of the airborne object are determined only from the data of the radar. The airborne object mark was identified according to information from the radar and the ADS-B receivers. Unlike the known methods, the advanced method of determining coordinates of an airborne object by a radar additionally uses information from the ADS-B receivers. The ADS-B receiver signals were experimentally studied. It was found that the ADS-B receiver has received more than 6,000 messages about airborne objects in a single day. It was established that information about the location of the airborne object contained in ADS-B messages was encoded in CPR format. An algorithm for decrypting the ADS-B messages with a global connection of an airborne object to geographical coordinates was presented. An algorithm for detecting signals of onboard transponders of ADS-B airborne objects was presented. Non-standard ADS-B messages from airborne objects were studied. It was suggested that some short non-standard ADS-B messages were received from small and military airborne objects. Accuracy of determining coordinates of airborne objects by the radar with additional use of the ADS-B receiver was estimated. Dependence of the root mean square error of determining the airborne object coordinates on a distance to the airborne object was presented for various cases. It was established that the accuracy of determining the airborne object coordinates can be raised from 36 % to 67 % depending on the distance to the airborne object
The object of this study is the process of segmentation of images acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems. The method to segment images from space optoelectronic surveillance systems based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm involves determining the threshold level; unlike the known ones, the following is carried out in it: – preliminary selection of red-green-blue color space brightness channels in the original image; – calculation of the maximum distance of movement of agents in the image in each brightness channel; – calculation of the values that determine the movement of agents in the image in each brightness channel; – determining the position of agents in the image using trigonometric functions of the sine and cosine in each brightness channel. An experimental study into segmenting images acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm was carried out. It was found that the improved method of image segmentation based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm makes it possible to segment the images. In this case, objects of interest, snow-covered objects of interest, background objects, and undefined areas of the image (anomalous areas) are identified. The quality of image segmentation was assessed using the Sine-Cosine algorithm-based method. It was found that the improved segmentation method based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm reduces the segmentation error of the first kind by an average of 21 % and the segmentation error of the first kind by an average of 17 %. Methods of image segmentation can be implemented in software and hardware systems that process images acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems. Further studies may involve comparing the quality of segmentation by the method based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm with segmentation methods based on evolutionary algorithms (for example, genetic ones).
Changes related to urban infrastructure directly affect the ecological environment, including soil properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-erosion and flow-regulating effect of park stands in complex terrain conditions of Kyiv. Forestry and tax indicators of plantings are established according to recognized tax methods. The upper layers of the soil were studied by determining the hardness, water permeability, density, and humidity on paths and in stands. Soil hardness in plantations increases from 9.1 ± 0.76-10.8 ± 1.01 kg/cm2 to 15.4 ± 0.25-30.8 ± 0.15 kg/cm2 , which is associated with the intensity of trampling them. Therewith, the soil changes from loose to medium loose and even dense. Determination of water permeability also showed a significant discrepancy, from 18.6 ± 0.76-20.6 ± 0.66 mm/min to 1.9 ± 0.10-5.7 ± 0.33 mm/min, respectively. Research has confirmed the inverse correlation between soil hardness and water permeability. The obtained indicators of soil density in the stands (1.12-1.20 g/cm3) and on the paths (1.34-1.66 g/cm3), albeit without sharp differences, in both cases indicate their criticality for further normal development of stands. Changes in soil moisture data in stands (16.9-20.6%) are decreasing in comparison with paths (11.2-12.6%), which also indicates the deterioration of growing conditions. The presence of active roots in the upper thickness of the soil on the control was 5.8-9.8 g, and on the paths, depending on the intensity of trampling, from 0.0 to 2.2 g. The territories under study were surveyed to identify characteristic erosion processes. It was established that the park spaces are in a satisfactory condition and fully perform an anti-erosion effect. The threat of erosion processes occurs on paths of intense load. The results obtained can be used for monitoring and regulating anthropogenic load
У науковій статті узагальнено склад об’єктів інформаційної безпеки та суб’єктів її забезпечення в органах Державної прикордонної служби України. До об’єктів інформаційної безпеки органів Державної прикордонної служби України віднесено інформаційні системи (глобальна автоматизована інформаційна система “Гарт”, її окремі компоненти тощо), свідомість осіб – особового складу Державної прикордонної служби України, їх близьких осіб, морально-психологічний клімат військового колективу. До суб’єктів забезпечення інформаційної безпеки в органах Державної прикордонної служби України належать посадові (службові) особи, які відповідно до законодавства України мають повноваження щодо управління інформаційною безпекою та/або безпосереднього виконання відповідних завдань (функцій). На основі результатів аналізу досвіду забезпечення інформаційної безпеки впродовж 2014–2022 років систематизовано низку чинників, які негативно впливають на стан інформаційної безпеки органів Державної прикордонної служби України через канали інтернет-комунікацій. Надано класифікацію ознак, за якими можна встановити факт порушення інформаційної безпеки через виток інформації на каналах інтернет-комунікацій у результаті встановлення або використання небезпечного програмного продукту. У результаті аналізу негативних наслідків використання каналів Інтернет-комунікацій, узагальнено фактори ризику інформаційної безпеки органів Державної прикордонної служби України та рекомендації щодо протидії їх негативному впливу. На основі проведеного наукового дослідження розроблено та у графічному вигляді представлено методичний підхід щодо забезпечення інформаційної безпеки органів Державної прикордонної служби України на каналах інтернет-комунікацій. Надано опис процесу забезпечення інформаційної безпеки органів Державної прикордонної служби України на каналах інтернет-комунікацій. Визначено, що напрямком подальшого дослідження може бути обґрунтування рекомендацій для особового складу Державної прикордонної служби України та близьких осіб щодо забезпечення діяльності в умовах ведення противником активних інформаційних дій та проведення інформаційних операцій.
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