Introduction Salmonella predominantly causes gastroenteritis but it can cause many other serious infections ranging from osteomyelitis to infective endocarditis and meningitis. These infections are not explored much even in a typhoid endemic country like India. Case Series We have described six uncommon cases of Salmonellosis obtained from clinical specimens processed in our laboratory (from December 2021- September 2022) like urine, pus, tissue and aspirate (excluding blood and stool). We obtained two isolates of Salmonella Enterica, two isolates of Salmonella Paratyphi B, one isolate of Salmonella Typhi and one isolate of Salmonella species which we were unable to speciate. Sending the proper sample for culture will help in coming to the right diagnosis which will result in prompt treatment thus improving the clinical status of the patient. Conclusion We should be vigilant about the possibility of Salmonella causing infections other than enteric fever especially in patients who have chronic diseases or are immunocompromised so that timely treatment with right antimicrobials can be given.

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Introduction: Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most frequent blood culture isolates and an important cause of nosocomial blood stream infections especially in catheterised patients. CoNS are also the most common contaminants of blood cultures and are proven to be especially problematic. These uncertainties may result in over diagnosis and indirect overuse of antimicrobials especially vancomycin. Aim: To determine the clinical significance of CoNS isolated from blood culture of patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Bharati Hospital Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from August 2019 to July 2020 (One year). Patients whose paired/multiple blood culture samples showed pure growth of CoNS were included in the study. CoNS were identified by Vitek 2 system and antimicrobial susceptibility was reported. Clinical history of all patients was taken who showed pure growth of CoNS in either one or multiple sites of the automated blood culture bottles. Isolated CoNS were considered as pathogen only if clinical and laboratory parameters are fulfilled. Chi-square test was used to find out statistical significance of isolated pathogenic CoNS. Results: A total 147 CoNS isolated from blood cultures of suspected patients of sepsis were included in study. About 23 (15.6%) CoNS were isolated from both the sites. Remaining 124 (84.4%) CoNS were isolated from single site. CoNS were considered as pathogen in all 23 cases based on clinical and laboratory criteria. The most frequent isolated CoNS was S. haemolyticus 7 (30.4%), followed by S. epidermidis 5 (21.7%), S. hominis 3 (13.1%) , S. lugdunensis 3 (13.1%), S. scuiri 2 (8.7%), S. xylosus 1 (4.3%), S. caprae 1 (4.3%), S. capitis 1 (4.3%). Methicillin resistance was observed in 15 (65.2%) CoNS strains. Conclusion: Patients suffering from CoNS from their blood stream should be carefully evaluated clinically. Proper blood collection techniques need to be followed to avoid contamination of blood culture samples and to avoid diagnostic dilemma.

Background and Aims:The care of critically ill patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) is a basic feature of modern medicine. Nosocomial infections are a major cause of death and increased morbidity in hospitalised patients. Patients admitted in the ICU are at greater risk of acquiring nosocomial infections. This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections in the ICU, the common organisms involved and their antibiotic sensitivity (ABST) patterns. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Pune. Microorganisms causing ICU-acquired and non-ICU-acquired infections were identified by routine conventional methods. The ABST patterns were determined as per the Clinical and laboratory standard institute guidelines. Results: A total of 272 samples were received from 124 ICU patients within 6 months, of which 141 (51.83%) samples were positive and 24 (19.35%) patients suffered from nosocomial infections. The commonest nosocomial infection was the respiratory tract infection (75%), followed by urinary tract infection (33.3%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest organism (70.8%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (33.3%) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus sp (33.3%). S. aureus and Klebsiella sp. strains isolated from the ICU-acquired infections were more resistant to antibiotics. Conclusion: It is important to know the prevalence of microorganisms causing ICU-acquired infections and their ABST patterns to determine proper antibiotic policy for the treatment of the ICU patients.