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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United State Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, express of implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibilities for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its used would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendations, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency hereof. .. The problems heretofore with coal gasification and IGCC concepts have been their high cost and historical poor performance of fixed-bed gasifiers, particularly on caking coals. 11 List of Drawings List of TablesThe Gasification Product Improvement Facility (GPIF) project is being developed to solve these problems through the development of a novel coal gasification invention which incorporates pyrolysis (carbonization) with gasification (fixed-bed). It employs a pyrolyzer (carbonizer) to avoid sticky coal agglomeration caused in the conventional process of gradually heating coal through the 400'F to 9 0 0 ' F range. In so doing, the coal is rapidly heated sufficiently such that the coal tar exists in gaseous foxm rather than as a liquid. Gaseous tars are then thermally cracked prior to the completion of the gasification process. During the subsequent endothermic gasification reactions, volatilized alkali can become chemically bound to aluminosilicates in (or added to) the ash. To reduce N H 3 and HCN from fuel borne nitrogen, steam injection is minimized, and residual nitrogen compounds are partially chemically reduced in the cracking stage in the upper gasifier region . Assuming testing confirms successful deployment of all these integrated processes, future IGCC applications will be much simplified, require significantly less mechanical components, and will likely achieve the $1,000 /kWe commercialized system cost goal of the GPIF project .The management plan calls for a two phased program (Figure 1). The initial phase includes the proprietary PyGasTM gasification invention, necessary coal and limestone receiving/storage/reclaim systems to allow closely metered coal and limestone to be fed into the gasifier for testing. The coal gas is subsequently combusted in a closely coupled Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) located at the GPIF. The combusted flue gas then passes through an induced induced draft fan and is piped to the existing Fort Martin Unit #2 electrostatic precipitator breeching for passage out the existing Fort Martin Unit #2 stack. Gasification process steam is generated by the HRSG located at the GPIF.Major peripheral equipment such as foundations, process water treatment system, coal and limestone receiving/storage/handling, ash handling, ash storage silo, emergency v...

The ambitious 21st Annual Conference of the Parties (COP21) targets of over 200 countries to limit global warming require a significant reduction in green house gas (GHG) emissions by signatories; these reductions will require major shifts in the way that countries think about their supply mix. Although renewables are often the primary focus of emissions reductions, the role of natural gas in GHG emissions warrants consideration. Gas is ‘triple A’: affordable, abundant and available. It is also lower in GHG than other fossil fuel alternatives. The future success and price stability of liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects is intrinsically linked to the success of natural gas as a bridge fuel to a lower carbon future; although there was initial optimism about the potential of natural gas as a bridge fuel under COP21, further analysis shows that forecast demand for natural gas and LNG in new policy scenarios is likely lower than original forecasts, placing Australian producers’ existing and future projects in a challenging position; moving down the cost-curve where possible is the best way to ensure resilient demand even in a slower growth future environment.

Effect of Repowering on Effluents 9 Trace Elements Present in Coal Ash 10 Predicted Gas Compositions Contents-3 NEPA DOCUMENTATION TABLE OF CONTENTS PSIT SUPPORT Section P.ag_ 1. 3.2 Anticipated Emission from PSIT Laboratory Facilities 3.3 Permits Required 3.4 Agency Contacts 4. REFERENCES Contents = 4 NEPA DOCUMENTATION TABLE OF CONTENTS PSIT SUPPORT LIST OF FIGURES Etg_ eag_ 1 Proee_ flow diagram for Fort Martin 75 2 Boiler mass balance calculation results 77 3 Balance around convective section 81 4 Electrostatic precipitator mass balance 83 5 Overall balance at GPIF facility 86 6 Balance around CaS oxidation unit 93 7 Conversion of ammonia to NO x in a turbulent diffusion flame 102 8 PSIT Facility Location Map 105

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