of the University of Washington who provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this report. The analysis and synthesis of research findings presented here were based on surveys and other attitude assessment studies conducted by earlier investigators. The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of ~~e many individual researchers, research organizations, and survey sponsors who provided the original data and permitted its inclusion herein. i i i EXECUTIVE S~\~RY Introduction This executive SU!Ml\ary highlights the major findings of a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of over 100 existing surveys dealing with public attitudes toward nuclear power issues. Questions of immediate policy relevanceto the nuclear debate are posed and answered on the basis of these major findings. For each issue area, we indicate those sections of the report in which more detailed discussion and presentation of relevant data may be found. Does the Public Support Nuclear Power?The survey data clearly indicate that a majority of the Imblic favors the use of nuclear energy. In national probabili ty studies conducted primarily during 1975 and 1976, approximately 60% of the public supported nuclear energy, with support levels ranging from 45% to 80%: approximately 23% of the public opposed nuclear power, with opposition levels ranging from 6% to 35%: and approximately 17% of the respondents \,.ere undecided, with undecided levels ranging fz:crn 11% to 32%. (See Section 3.1.2.6.)The questions used to assess general nuclear power attitudes have been worded in variot~ ways. Questions that asked whether nuclear power should be used to generate electricity (which is the current situation in the United States) ter.ded to receive higher lelTels of support than did those concerning the building of more nuclear power plants. In addition, questions that referred to developing nuclear energy as a means of dealing with the energy crisis recei'.red greater support than did those in \o1hich nuclear energy was not placed in the context of energy shortages. (See Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2.)A higher percentage of the public favored nuclear power in general than favcz:ed having a nuclear pla::lt located !'),earby. The mean levels of v support and opposition to building a local nuclear plant were 55% and 31%, respectively, for the national surveys. However, respondents who lived near existing nuclear plants favored local nuclear power more than did the general public; the mean level of support from this group was 63%, and the mean level of opposition was 23%. (See Section 3.1.3.) Is Support or Opposition to Nuclear Power Changing?A major question regarding the public assessment of nuclear energy is whether support or opposition has changed in the recent past. The comparison of data collected at different times by five national survey organizations does not indicate any clear trend over time in support or opposition to nuclear power. Although fluctuations in support and opposition were common, consistent long-term changes were not found. Evidently, t...

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Seattle. harhington 98105 N O T I C E This r t m was prepand as an account of work s p o n w u i by the Unit4 State C o n r n m t . Neither ;he Iinited % a t e aw h e Depjnmnt of Ensray. nor any of their employees, nw any of their mtracto;r. rirbcnntraa~, w Wir mplgtrr, maker any warranty, or imp$&. or assumes an+# lcgal linbi:iry or r~m i b i l i t y fw the accuracy. com~!etenss or uset~~lnesr of any rniormarion, apparatus, produm or pnxrjr d W , or r e p r m t b t m ust. would not Infringe privaelp o w n d rights. Tha v i m , cpiniolls and conclusions conrawtd in [his repor; are tt.0-thc contrac,or and do 1: nn n~: ar i ! y represent [hose of the Unitd State Gowrnmt or the Lnited taies Deparrmcnr of Energy. P4Cl tlC NORTilViEST IABORATQRY opented by EIATTELLE iop the UNITED STATES DtPqRTMEkT O F ENmrJY L n k r Contracr EY-/b;-C-05-1830stage in 1 i f e (probably l a t e adolescence), t h e i r value systems remain rather stable: i t becomes harder and harder t o change the relative importance of the individual values within the value system.

This report sets forth a basic design philosophy with its associated functional criteria and design principles for present-day, hard-wired annunciator systems in the control rooms of nuclear power plants. It also presents a variety of annunciator design features that are either necessary for or useful to the implementation of the design philosophy. The information contained in this report is synthesized from an extensive literature review, from inspection and analysis of control room annunciator systems in the nuclear industry and in related industries, and from discussions with a variety of individuals who are knowledgeable about annunciator systems, nuclear plant control rooms, or both. This information should help licensees and license applicants in improving their hard-wired, control room annunciator systems as outlined by NUREG-0700. i; i

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