27 phenols including mono- di-, tri-, tetra- and pentachlorophenols, mono- and dinitrophenols, mono- and dinitrocresols and dimethylnitrophenols have been extracted from aqueous samples by solid phase extraction using both modified silica gel (C18) and XAD resin-ad-sorbents and determined by gas chromatography (GC) using capillary columns with specially desactivated weakly polar phases. If a 1 l sample of spiked water is used, a considerable breakthrough is observed with phenol itself, while all other phenols are almost quantitatively extracted. The recovery of phenol itself can be improved by employing smaller sample volumes

A review of the developments on the analysis of residues of avermectins and milbemycins (both macrocyclic lactones) is presented. The macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are an important class of chemicals, which are used worldwide as veterinary drugs and as crop protection agents. As a result, residues of MLs are important from both a food safety and environmental perspective. A review of the developments in ML residues in food was carried out in detail in 2006. As a result, this paper covers recent developments in the area of food analysis, which are mainly multi-residue assays based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A brief coverage of HPLC fluorescence (HPLC-FLD) based methods is included for completeness. The paper will carry out a comprehensive review of ML residues in environmental samples. These additional sections are reflective of the growing number of research papers published on LC-MS/MS and environmental applications in recent years.

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