Self-diffusion in nickel single crystals is measured between 813 and 1193K using ion-beam sputtering as e microsectioning technique. Gaussian activity-depth profiles are observed over about three orders of magnitude in the activity decrease. The bulk diffusivities obtained from these profiles are analysed in conjunction with Bakker's high temperature data. The monovacancy contribution to the lattice diffusivity is given by DIV = 0.92 exp (-2.88 eV/kT) cmZ/s. Preliminary isotope effect experiments are also performed at two temperatures in the high-temperature region. The results support the view that a divacancy contribution to self-diffusion exists near the melting point.
Es wird das Ausheilen des elektrischen Widerstandes in abgeschrecktem Kupfer untersucht, wobei je eine Erholungsstufe im Bereich 0 bis 100 °C und 100 bis 200 °C gefunden wird. Die obere Stufe wird durch die Wanderung der Einfachleerstellen erklärt, wobei sich (in Einklang mit Selbstdiffusions‐ und Hochtemperaturdaten) als Aktivierungsenergie der Wanderung W1 = 1,06 eV ergibt. Die untere Stufe kann als Ausheilen von Doppelleerstellen, die mit Einfachleerstellen im lokalen Gleichgewicht stehen, gedeutet werden. Als Wanderungs‐ und Bindungsenergie der Doppelleerstellen werden W2 = 0,67 eV bzw. B2 = 0,12 eV gefunden. Der Einfluß der Vorbehandlung und des Reinheitsgrades der Proben auf das Erholungsverhalten wird untersucht und diskutiert.
Polycrystalline nickel (purity 99.9^) was either cold-rolled below room temperature or quenched from 1000 °C. The recovery of the electrical resistivity was studied between 0 ~C and 300 °C. After cold-work two separate recovery processes were found in this temperature range (stage III near 80 °C, stage IV near 250 c C) with activation energies of 1.09 ± 0.05 ev and 1.55 ± 0.10 ev, respectively.After quenching from 1000 °C only stage IV was present (maximum of the recovery rate near 270 °C, activation energy about 1.5 ev), whereas stage III was not observed. On account of the present results and other available data free interstitial migration is attributed to stage III and the migration of single vacancies to stage IV. We estimate that the energy of formation of single vacancies in nickel is 1.3 -1.4 ev, and that the volume increase per vacancy is 0.82 atomic volumes.
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