Background: Marine sponges provided a great source of natural products with promising biological activity. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of methanol extracts of selected Indonesian marine sponges (Callyspongia sp., Clathria sp., Melophlus sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp.), collected from the Saponda Islands, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methods: LCMS/MS analysis used to identify the compounds. Agar well diffusion and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Results: Chemical screening reported alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins from all investigated sponges. The LC-MS/MS analysis identified various compounds which mainly contained steroids. Antimicrobial activity (against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans) was only shown by the Xestospongia sp. extract. Meanwhile, extracts of M. sarasinorum, Xestospongia sp., and Callyspongia sp. exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that the selected sponges could provide various groups of compounds. Methanol extracts of these sponges could be used as sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

Sehat merupakan salah satu tujuan yang hendak dicapai oleh semua orang. Di Indonesia, terdapat tanaman yang mengandung banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan mengandung zat gizi yang sangat tinggi mulai dari zat gizi makro hingga zat gizi mikro. Tanaman tersebut adalah Moringa oleifera atau yang lebih sering disebut pohon kelor oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Namun, tidak banyak orang mengetahui akan manfaat-manfaat pohon kelor sehingga pemanfaatannya masih sangat rendah di masyarakat. Salah satu manfaat yang dapat diambil dari pohon kelor terdapat pada daunnya. Daun kelor merupakan salah satu bagian dari tanaman kelor yang telah banyak diteliti kandungan gizi dan kegunaannya. Penelitian lain menyatakan bahwa menunjukkan bahwa daun kelor mengandung vitamin C setara vitamin C dalam 7 jeruk, vitamin A setara vitamin A pada 4 wortel, kalsium setara dengan kalsium dalam 4 gelas susu, potassium setara dengan yang terkandung dalam 3 pisang, dan protein setara dengan protein dalam 2 yoghurt. Daun kelor merupakan tanaman lokal yang mengandung zat gizi yang tinggi, namun pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan pangan masih sangat rendah. Agar zat gizi yang terkandung dalam daun kelor dapat dimanfaatkan tubuh, maka perlu diolah menjadi minuman yang digemari oleh masyarakat seperti minuman effervescent dengan sensasi rasa yang menyegarkan di mulut.Kata kunci: kelor, serbuk, nutrisi, effervescent

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moshata Duch) is one of the Cucurbitaceae plants, which traditionally used to treat skin diseases, measles, jaundice, insomnia, cancer and enhances endurance. Therefore, it was necessary to explore the potential of pumpkin leaves as antiradical. This research aim was to examine the antiradical activity and total phenolic and total flavonoids of pumpkin leaves extract and its fractions using the DPPH method and determined the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Pumpkin leave powder was extracted with methanol. Furthermore, water was added into methanol extract, and be partitioned using n-hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. The antiradical activities of pumpkin leave extract and fractions were determined using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhidrazyl) method. Ethyl acetate fraction obtained higher antiradical activities (IC50 6.737±0.196 µg/mL). Correlation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents to inhibit DPPH radical showed that phenolic and flavonoid contents on pumpkin leaves could be inhibited DPPH radical R2 = 0.8994 and R2 = 0.9061, respectively. Extracts and fraction pumpkin leaves show strong antiradical activity with DPPH methods, so their potential as antiradical can developed and can be used as a functional food.

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Tomatoes are well-known as the source of antioxidants due to the content of lycopene, i.e., a potential free radical inhibitor. Gel peel-off masks are among the chemical products containing antioxidants. The first step of the study was extracting tomato fruits by macerating the fruits using alcohol solvents 96%. The obtained thick extract was used as the material of the gel mask; the percentage of the extract comprised 3% (F1), 5% (F2), and 7% (F3), and it used PVA basis 11% and viscolam 3%. According to the result, the gel peel-off masks meet the requirements of physical and storage stability evaluation. The result of the antioxidant test reveals that the IC50 value of the three masks is F1 189.22 µg/mL, F2 89.34 µg/mL, and F3 36.77 µg/mL. Further, the result of T-Test reveals that P-value = 0.019 (α = 0.05), indicating a difference in the result of the antioxidant test of the three formulae in day one (t0) and day 28 (t28).