Asam mefenamat bersifat rentan terhadap cahaya maupun terhadap udara dan kelembaban. Selain itu asam mefenamat memiliki waktu paruh yang sempit, dapat menyebabkan peningkatan resiko gangguan gastrointestinal termasuk iritasi lambung pada penggunaan jangka panjang. Teknologi Mikroenkapsulasi merupakan proses penyalutan bahan aktif berupa cairan ataupun padatan dengan lapisan yang relatif tipis dengan ukuran partikel yang sangat kecil antara 0,2-5000 μm. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan preparasi mikroenkapsulasi terhadap asam mefenamat menggunakan polimer Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa (HPMC) dan Natrium alginat dengan metode gelasi ionik lalu mengkarakterisasi hasil mikrokapsul yang diperoleh. Preparasi mikroenkapsulasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan konsentrasi polimer yang digunakan, dibuat dalam 3 formula. Parameter karakterisasi meliputi penetapan efisiensi penjerapan, distribusi ukuran partikel, bentuk partikel dan pengujian disolusi. Hasil karakterisasi menujukan mikroenkapsulasi Asam Mefenamat yang dihasilkan memiliki bentuk partikel yang spheris, dengan nilai efisiensi penjerapan terbesar yaitu 67,53% untuk perbandingan HPMC dan natrium alginat masing-masing 4 : 1, sedangkan distribusi ukuran partikel bervariasi dengan ukuran terkecil yakni 1.105 , untuk hasil pengujian disolusi pada medium asam diperoleh konsentrasi pelepasan obat terbesar adalah 10,39 mg/L dan medium basa sebesar 74,456mg/mL. Penelitian Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asam mefenamat dapat dipreparasi dengan teknik mikroenkapsulasi sehingga dapat mengatasi beberapa kekurangan asam mefenamat.
Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a new coronavirus strain (SARS-CoV-2) which then mutates into various variants including the omicron variant, alpha variant, beta variant, and gamma variant. Where, transmission will pose a high risk when the body's immunity is low. The purpose of this activity is to provide information on various "Family Medicine Gardens" that can function as Immunomodulators to the general public, as well as students, both junior high school (SMP) and elementary school (SD) students. The implementation of this activity is carried out face-to-face and is packaged in the form of socializing the benefits of the Family Medicinal Garden (TOGA) as a source of immunomodulators, together with the community practicing making Family Medicinal Plant gardens in the Poasia and Kambuh Districts as well as the School Environment. In addition, this is also done by distributing leaflets containing information on the types of plants that act as immunomodulators and how to make them.
Background: Phenylbutazone is a class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Phenylbutazone is used by the transdermal route to reduce the irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Purpose: This study aims to obtain phenylbutazone suspensions with optimal levels in the ethosome vesicular carrier. Methods: Preparation was carried out by the hot method (40oC) and cold method (30oC) as well as variations in the concentration of phosphatidylcholine (2% and 3%) and ethanol (30%, 35%, and 40%). Characterization of vesicles, namely the shape and size of vesicles using optical microscopy and entrapment efficiency using the spectrophotometer method with λ maks 266.6 nm. Optimization of phenylbutazone levels was carried out at a concentration of 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; and 0.25%. The optimum formula was obtained at a concentration of phosphatidylcholine 3% and ethanol 35% prepared by the hot method. Results:. The form of a Small Unilamellar Vesicle (SUV), a size of 23.7 nm, and entrapment efficiency is 88.358%. Optimization of phenylbutazone levels was obtained at a concentration of 0.1% with entrapment efficiency of 88.358%. Conclusion: The optimum level of phenylbutazone in the vesicular carrier ethosome was 0.1%.Keywords: ethosome, optimation, phenylbutazone, transdermal ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Fenilbutazon merupakan golongan obat antiinflamasi non stroid (AINS) yang digunakan pada pengobatan penyakit rheumatoid arthritis. Fenilbutazon digunakan melalui rute transdermal untuk mengurangi efek iritasi pada saluran cerna. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh suspensi fenilbutazon dengan kadar yang optimal dalam pembawa vesikular etosom. Metode: Preparasi dilakukan dengan metode panas (40oC) dan metode dingin (30oC) serta variasi konsentrasi fosfatidilkolin (2% dan 3%) dan etanol (30%, 35%, dan 40%). Karakterisasi vesikel yaitu bentuk dan ukuran vesikel menggunakan mikroskop optik serta efisiensi penjerapan menggunakan metode spektrofotometer pada λmaks 266,6 nm. Optimasi kadar fenilbutazon dilakukan pada konsentrasi 0,1%; 0,15%; 0,2%; dan 0,25%. Diperoleh formula optimum pada konsentrasi fosfatidilkolin 3% dan etanol 35% yang dipreparasi dengan metode panas Hasil: Vesikel yang diperoleh berbentuk Small Unilamellar Vesicle (SUV), ukuran 23,7 nm, dan efisiensi penjerapan 88,358%. Optimasi kadar fenilbutazon diperoleh pada konsentrasi 0,1% dengan efisiensi penjerapan 88,358%. Kesimpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa kadar optimum fenilbutazon dalam pembawa vesikular etosom adalah 0,1%.Kata kunci: etosom, optimasi, fenilbutazon, transdermal
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