This study demonstrated the safety and short-term efficacy of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell injection in liver cell failure. Further study is necessary to standardize the cell dose, determine the life span of the injected cells, and detect the appearance of long-term complications.

Until now, there is no treatment that cause complete cure of the chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease, osteoarthritis (OA). Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of OA development and progress are not fully elucidated, and the present pharmacological treatment alternatives are restricted and associated with adverse side effects. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the remedy of OA in the rat model in terms of inflammation, ankle histopathological alterations, and oxidative stress. OA was induced in male Wistar rats by injection of MIA (2 mg)/50 µL isotonic saline in the right ankle joint for two successive days in each rat. After the 2nd MIA injection, the osteoarthritic rats were allocated into two groups such as the MIA group (group 2) and MIA + PRP group (group 3). The MIA + PRP group was treated with PRP (50 µL) by injection into the ankle joint of the right hind limb of each rat at days 14, 21, and 28 after the 2nd injection of MIA. The same equivalent volume of saline, as a substitute of PRP, was injected into the ankle joint of each rat of the normal control group (group 1) and MIA group (group 2) at the same tested periods. Swelling of joint, bodyweight, total leucocytes count (TLC), and morphological as well as histological changes of ankle joints were evaluated. Serum lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels were examined as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were investigated by ELISA as biomarkers of inflammation. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out to investigate the soft tissues in joints. The obtained results revealed that PRP reduced LPO and increased GSH and GST levels in osteoarthritic rats. Also, PRP significantly diminished serum TNF-α and IL-17 levels, while it increased IL-4 serum levels in rats with MIA-induced OA. Morphological observations, histological analysis, and MRI revealed a gradual diminishing in joint inflammation and destruction of cartilage in PRP-injected osteoarthritic rats. Based on these results, it can be suggested that PRP has antiarthritic potential in MIA-induced OA, which may be mediated via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Background: Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is based on the release of growth factors stimulating the initiation/ extension of anagen phase as well as promoting vascularization, Adipose Derived Stem Cell (AT-ADSCs) treatment were recently introduced as an alternative potential therapeutic application for hair growth. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy side effects and safety of AT-ASCs and PRP in the treatment of androgentic alopecia. Patients and methods: Sixty randomized patients were treated by PRP, and AT-ASCs. Each patient was evaluated, and each lesion was treated by those modalities, patients received three sessions with one month interval for 3 months, follow up after 3 months. Results: A highly significant improvement <0.001 in terminal hair count of AT-ASCs group evaluated by videodermoscopy assessment of AGA. That were confirmed by highly significant improvement in intermediate hair count and mean caliber (<0.001) associated with high incidence of side effects especially headache and erythema. In contrast, PRP group showed significant improvement 0.037 in terminal hair count and non-significant improvement in intermediate hair count and of mean caliber with minimum side effects. AT-ASCs showed a significant improvement in terminal hair count than PRP, Highly significant improvement in Intermediate hair count and hair caliber. Also, side effects of AT-ASCs showed highly significant pain, headache and erythema but no serious adverse events. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the There was significant improvement in AGA after PRP and highly significant after AT-ASCs therapy with significant difference of ADSC in terminal hair count and highly significant in caliber. Both modalities could effectively and safely be used to treat AGA.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be isolated from both foetal and adult tissues. Several groups demonstrated that transplantation of MSCs promoted the regeneration of skeletal muscle and ameliorated muscular dystrophy in animal models. Mesenchymal stem cells in skeletal muscle, also known as fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), are essential for the maintenance of skeletal muscle. Importantly, they contribute to fibrosis and fat accumulation in dystrophic muscle. Therefore, MSCs in muscle are a pharmacological target for the treatment of muscular dystrophies. In this chapter, we briefly update the knowledge on mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and discuss their therapeutic potential as a regenerative medicine treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-standing inflammatory degeneration disease; until now, its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. There is no complete remedy from OA and the present pharmacological therapy choices are restrained and combined with undesirable side effects. Clinically, Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely consumed to cure OA. The present experiment aimed to assess the role of HA in the remedy of experimentally Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced ankle OA in the rat model. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (each of 10 rats). Rats of group I were injected with 1 mg MIA in the right ankle joint for two successive days, while those of group II were treated with saline instead of MIA; and group III(osteoarthritic + HA) rats were injected with HA in the ankle joint at 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th weeks following injection of MIA. Bodyweight, ankle measurement, total leukocytes count (TLC), antioxidant response element (ARE) level, and joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were investigated. HA reduced expressions of joint ARE level. HA also markedly reduced the TLC. The administration of HA decreases ankle measurement in MIA-induced OA rats. MRI of HA showed a gradual reduction in joint damage. These results suggest that HA has improvement effects on OA rats which are assessed through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.