The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cortisol, and it is related to BMI in the chronic diseases which may increase early cardiovascular disease (CVD) in old Iraqi. The subjects were 116 adults, aged 51-71 years. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumferences (WC) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) were used as a measure of adiposity. Investigation showed highly significant difference between patients in BMI ranges, most of male were in an obese weight range (48.5%), as well in women. There were no significant correlations between serum cortisol concentration and age both gender groups. While there were highly significant correlations between cortisol level and BMI, waist, and WHR (except in female subjects), also there were highly significant correlations between cortisol level and SBP,DBP (mmHg)only in male. In both groups, total cholesterol concentration, FBS, and A1C were significantly correlated with serum cortisol. Negatively correlated has been observed between serum cortisol and HDL-C in men but not in women. In men, the results of cortisol with CV risk factors (dyslipidemia, D.M, hypertension, at least 2 risk factors and three risk factors) show significant differences (p>0.0). In summary, there is a major association between cortisol levels, obese, and chronic diseases. These conclusions promote the hypothesis that the opposing effect of adiposity on the chronic diseases might be mediated by cortisol. This association could cause early development of cardiovascular diseases even in males.

This review involves the effect of digestion methods on the drugs and how to overcome the harms of digestion process by designing the suitable a polymeric drug system that has ability to hold out the harsh conditions of the acid in stomach. And it involves different type of backbone polymer to prepare new drug polymers form, this new polymer drugs included many benefits such as release the minimum amount of drug over an prolonged time by organized delivery of drug and the side effect of drugs will reduced. This process includes the modification of natural polymer such as chitosan, starch, cellulose, gelatin by carried out with a spacer, and grafted the new copolymer with amino drug such as amoxicillin (HA), and characterize it by UV Spectroscopes, (DSC) and (TGA) and physical properties was discussed. And know the ability of drug release in different pH. In this review we concluded that the best way to overcome the side effect of digestion process on the drugs by using the medicine as polymer drugs, and the best polymer used was natural polymers, the prepared polymer drug have thermal stability more than the drug alone, this indicate extra expire date with more safety of drug satiability.

Antioxidants are natural materials that may delay or stop some kinds of hurt in cells. Many foodstuffs have antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables. Even though the reactions of oxidation are critical for life, but can also be harmful; vegetation and faunae preserve multifaceted systems of various types of antioxidants, for example, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A besides enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and many peroxides. The most important antioxidant source that protected ancient peoples from the harm caused by free radicals was old-style herbal remedies and dietetic diets. In addition, it is broadly utilized in dietetic supplements and have been studied for their potential to prevent diseases such as tumors and coronary heart disease. Although preliminary research suggested that antioxidant supplements could be beneficial to one’s health. Furthermore, clinical trials of antioxidant supplements containing beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E alone or in various combinations show that supplementation has no effect on the rate or may even increase it. Antioxidants are also used in the food industry as food additives and cosmetics, as well as to prevent rubber and fuel degradation.

Some previous studies were inducted condition of a deficiency of zinc and its relation with a change in serum concentration of copper and iron in the thalassemic patients. The goal of our study was to evaluated zinc, copper, and iron serum level in children whom have betathalassemia major. In this study, we took 52 cases all of them were children between one year to15 years. Where 41 cases have beta thalassemia major and 11 cases are control group. The patients were covered by Al-Batol hospital and they have been evaluated for zinc, copper, and iron serum levels. The determination of serum for zinc and copper were achieved by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Where serum iron was measured by cobas integra 400 plus.The study was done from August 2015, to June 2016. Serum zinc level was lower in thalassemia patients (49.90 ± 38.13μg/d) than control group (65.00 ± 12.03μg/dl). Comparing the level of copper in patients (101.57 ± 37.03μg/dl) and controls (150.77± 37.03μg/dl), we found the copper levels in patients was lower. The level of serum iron (32.81 ± 9.24 umole/L) on beta thalassemia major, which was statistically higher in comparing to the controls cases (9.33±3.38 umole/L). Serum glucose level was higher in thalassemic patients 5.10 ± 0.08 mmole/L than control group 4.95 ±0.85. Thalassemic patients who had less than70 μg/dl of zinc concentration (hypozincemia) were (82.9%). Thalassemic patients, who had less than 70 μg/dl copper concentration, were (17.07%). The correlation was not significant between zinc and copper of serum concentration and serum level of iron There was no significant relation between serum zinc level of thalassemic patients with weight, glucose and number of blood

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