Penelitian ini berangkat dari kepedulian peneliti terhadap nilai-nilai demokrasi sebagai salah satu sarana dalam membangun karakter demokratis peserta didik yang diselenggarakan melalui proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Kota Ternate. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis lebih jauh terkait: (1) Implementasi nilai-nilai demokrasi dalam pembelajaran PKn; (2) Faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi nilai-nilai demokrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dimana teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi, sedangkan teknik analisis data melalui reduksi data, display data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa : (1) Implementasi nilai-nilai demokrasi dalam pembelajaran PKn, diantaranya: a) membiasakan peserta didik untuk bermusyawarah dalam menyelesaikan setiap tugas kelompok, b) melalui diskusi kelompok, peserta didik diberi ruang untuk mengekspresikan kebebasan berpendapat, berpikir kritis, berani, terbuka, dan percaya diri, saling menghargai pendapat atau keberagaman, serta menjunjung tinggi harkat dan martabat manusia, c) mendorong dan menjamin kebebasan peserta didik untuk ikut berpartisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan politik, seperti pemilihan ketua kelas, ketua OSIS, ketua PMR, ketua Pramuka, dan lain sebagainya; (2) Faktor pendukung implementasi nilai-nilai demokrasi, yaitu: a) adanya pendidik yang memiliki kompetensi baik kompetensi pedagogik, profesional, kepribadian, maupun sosial.; b) anak didik yang memiliki keseriusan untuk pengembangan kompetensinya; c) sarana dan prasarana yang dapat mendukung proses pembelajaran PKn, seperti ruang kelas yang memadai, tersedianya buku referensi yang cukup, adanya Laptop, LCD, dan lain-lain; serta d) program sekolah yang dapat menjamin jalannya nilai-nilai demokrasi, seperti pemilihan OSIS dan kegiatan ekstrakulikuler (Pramuka, PMI, dan Sanggar Budaya), dimana keseluruhan program tersebut dapat membentuk karakter demokratis peserta didik. Adapun yang menjadi faktor penghambat dalam menanamkan dan menerapkan nilai-nilai demokrasi adalah kurangnya dukungan dari keluarga dan masyarakat, serta adanya perbedaan individual peserta didik dalam mengembangkan dirinya untuk memiliki karakter demokratis
Mystical rituals in a tradition experience conflict in society because of things that are irrational in nature. For example, the grebeg maulid tradition, grebeg sudiro, lawung mahesa ceremony, mbah meyek village clean, sadranan, and slametan. However, the government has not lost the way to maintain this mystical tradition to maintain society's social order. This research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach that focuses on the traditions that exist in Surakarta, which contain mystical but still growing. This research was conducted from 2019 to 2020. The data collected came from observations made in 5 sub-districts in Surakarta. Second, interviews with mystical actors. Third, documentation obtained from books, journals, and mass media explaining the mystical traditions in Surakarta. The data validity used the triangulation method, member check, time extension, peer debriefing. Data analysis using ethnographic analysis model. The result is that there are six ways to rationalize the mystical tradition, namely connecting the mystical with something rational, using a different name that can be accepted by the public at large, making the tools used in the tradition no longer mystical, and accommodating technological developments. such as the e-wom method to spread tradition.
There have been many studies concerning Banuroja; however, there is always something novelty in creating a role model for village-based character education where the aim is to create a multicultural society into a multicultural community. This study examines community activities related to the national character values that embody multiculturalism and social integration in the Banuroja community. The method was qualitative with an ethnographic approach. Data were obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation carried out during 2019-2020. The validity of the data used triangulation, member checks, prolonged time, and peer debriefing. While the data analysis technique used ethnographic data analysis, namely describing, analyzing, and interpreting. The result shows that the realization of multiculturalism and social integration in the Banuroja community is carried out using three ways of assimilation, tolerance in beliefs/religions, appreciating other ethnic/religious activities by attending, and mutual cooperation. Guidance is also carried out through national and religious activities in the community, advice from parents in the family, and civic education in the schools, exemplary by community leaders, including ethnic, religious, and youth leaders.
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