Objective To compare the diagnostic value of cytological (all spermatogenic cells present except spermatids and spermatozoa). There was a good correlation between smears of fine-needle aspirate with that of histological sections obtained by testicular biopsy in the evaluation the diagnosis on the cytological smears and histological sections in 58 of 60 patients (97%). In two patients of infertility. Patients and methods The study included 60 patients there was scanty aspirate and few cells, giving an inaccurate diagnosis. Interstitial cells were not with azoospermia or severe oligospermia (sperm counts of < 5 million/mL). A detailed history was detected on cytological smears. In three patients, Sertoli-cell only was diagnosed on cytology, and histaken and the external genitalia examined. Testicular samples were obtained by fine-needle aspiration using tology revealed additional features of Leydig cell hyperplasia. a 10 mL syringe and 21 G needle; the air-dried smears were stained using the May-Grunwald-GiemsaConclusion Fine-needle aspiration of the testis is a simple and minimally invasive technique for diagnostic evalumethod. A testicular biopsy was taken after exploring the same tract and these sections were stained with ation, especially in patients with obstructive azoospermia. Patients with abnormal findings on fine-needle haematoxylin and eosin. The cytological smears and histological sections were examined separately and aspiration cytology may be evaluated histologically by further biopsy. the results compared. Results The cytological smears were divided into three