Digital 2D Animation for Educational Visualization is a desktop courseware application. It digitalized the traditional short story of PT3 novel in 2D animation. The secondary school is still using the narrative novel in certain subjects such as Malay Language. Consequently, students are not interested in reading the entire page is cluttered with text. The purpose of this research is to evaluate user acceptance of Digital 2D Animation for Educational Visualization Application by doing test to 30 secondary schools students in one of the districts of Kedah. The development of this application is used to transform from conventional teaching and learning process to the digital teaching and learning process. In the digital era, teachers can communicate teaching experiences to students in a more fun way of delivering ideas with the help of animation in learning as a teaching tool aid. The results indicate that animation can be used as a teaching aid tool to improve students’ academic performance especially to developing countries like Malaysia.

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Normally, gradient image is sometime poor especially for touching and overlapping objects. The proposed method manipulates the use of HSV channels in order to enhance the gradient image obtained for objects with complex background. Only S and V channels are used in this technique. The proposed gradient enhancement approaches were tested on HSV channel images. The Standard Sobel and Laplace of Gaussian (LoG) technique was used to compare the results and performance. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values were calculated as a performance matrix for the implementation. The results show the improvement of the gradient image if compared to existence approach.

This project proposes a scheme of TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) for transmitting real-time data application. Traditionally, real-time data transmission has been accomplished over the user datagram protocol (UDP). The challenging issues of using Transport Control Protocol (TCP) are restrictive bandwidth and lagging. Additionally, it is widely known that TCP is ill-suited to real-time multimedia streaming application. Having known these issues, this project aims to study the possibilities for improvement of real-time data application using TFRC which is designed for long-lived streams. As known, there are many advantages of TFRC, which are congestion control and guaranteeing the required throughput. Therefore, this project explores and proposes the advantages of TFRC in transmitting and receiving real-time data. It is proposed that the investigation of TFRC in real-time data is conducted using simulation technique. During the simulation, the developed model is representing the real-time application for analyzing the performance of modified TFRC. The modified TFRC mechanism is introduced as TFRC proposed scheme and evaluated through the simulation experiment. The simulation study of this project is to analyze and evaluate some parameters of existing TFRC mechanisms. The performance analysis and simulation experiment show that the proposed scheme performs better compared to the other mechanisms involved. Finally, this study has possibilities of the ongoing work to be carried for implementing in wireless environment and IPv6.