Iodine vacancy defects in MA-free perovskite are effectively passivated through the interaction between Pb2+ and the functional groups in d-penicillamine, resulting in an impressive efficiency of 22.4% along with excellent operational stability.

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The ORYZA (v3) rice model is the most exhaustive representation of the available knowledge on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development and has become an integrated rice modelling tool suitable for different scenarios according to the demands of users. A 3‐yr field experiment was conducted under potential production conditions for single‐cropped rice during 2011–2013 in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. The simulation performance of ORYZA (v3) with respect to the growth and development of different rice varieties under different establishment methods was evaluated and validated. The adaptability and stability of the model and its effect on the production of the same or similar rice varieties in different districts and years were verified using calibrated parameters. The results revealed that ORYZA (v3) performed well in simulating the dynamics of crop biomass and leaf area index for both calibration and validation datasets in 2011–2013, as is reflected by the high adjusted linear correlation coefficient (r2), low normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) value, and lack of notable differences between simulated and observed data with 99% confidence. The NRMSE value of the final yield ranged from 4.30 to 8.99% for both Indica and Japonica rice throughout the growing seasons. The performance of transplanted Indica rice varieties was better than that of most Japonica rice varieties. Overall, our evaluation suggested the suitability of ORYZA (v3) for simulating rice growth and development of different single‐cropped varieties under different establishment techniques in eastern China.

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PZT thin film devices are very competitive when charge signal and force outputs are demanded. A Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 thin film with 24 coating layers is deposited by a sol–gel method. An array of three piezoelectric microcantilevers is fabricated using the wet and dry combined bulk micromachining techniques. Each microcantilever has a two-segment top electrode in different dimensions. The actuating and sensing capability of the six segments on the three microcantilevers are measured. It is proved that the proposed piezoelectric microcantilevers have both actuating and sensing functions; different proportion partition results in the diversity of the actuating and sensing capability. At the same location, the longer the piezoelectric segment is, the stronger actuating and sensing capability it has. The maximum actuating sensitivity and sensing sensitivity before poling treatment are 16.7 µN V−1 and 13.44 pC µm−1, respectively, which become about twice as big after poling. We may choose the appropriate microcantilevers to satisfy our purpose on some specific condition where force feedback and object manipulation are needed simultaneously. A hysteresis phenomenon is encountered in the actuating process while not in the sensing process.