In the present study, Funneliformis mosseae (FM), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CE), and Acaulospora foveata (AF) were inoculated to hybrid maize (Zea mays L. cv. CP888®). Upregulation of nitrogen levels were dependent on the type of mycorrhiza (AMF). Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and water content in FM- and AF-inoculated plants were elevated, resulting in promotion of leaf area and shoot biomass. N content in the shoot and root tissues of the FM-inoculated plants increased by 21% and 30% over the control. A positive correlation between biochemical, physiological, and morphological parameters using Pearson’s coefficient was demonstrated. A decline in lipid peroxidation was noticed in the FM-inoculated plants. In addition, we investigated the potential of N fertilizer application in combination with FM inoculation in maize plants. The FM-inoculated plants with organic O_LT, a chicken manure fertilizer, increased N content in the host shoots by 73% over the control, leading to improved Fv/Fm as a physiological adaptation strategy. The FM and the O_LT on the regulation of the N enhancement and photosynthetic efficiency of the hybrid maize should further be validated in field trials in different environments for sustainability.

Nitrate and nitrite species are naturally occur in typically environment and are part of the nitrogen cycle. They represent wide spread contaminants in the environment and important serve to evaluate quality of natural water 1 . Naturally occurring nitrate levels in surface and ground waters are generally a few mg/L. In many ground waters, an increase of nitrate levels has been observed due to the excess application of nitrogen fertilizers of farming practice 2 . In some countries, up to 10 % of the pollution may be exposed to nitrate levels in drinking water of above 50 mg/L. As recently found in 2007, the Greenpeace Research Group has reported the nitrate levels found in agricultural areas in Thailand. Drinking water from 30 % of all groundwater wells in investigated areas showed high content of nitrates which are 3 times above the World Heath Organization (WHO) safety limit of 50 mg/L of nitrate. This nitrate pollution was highest in the most intensive crops, in asparagus farms in Kanchanaburi 3 . High levels of nitrate