Morphology in South OKU District is the potential of a micro hydropower plant (MHPP) as an alternative power source. This potential has not been fully utilized, although many un-electrified villages are in several remote areas. Identification planning for MHPP is one of the most critical planning tasks and requires excellent multi-criteria spatial analysis. GIS and multi-criteria analysis have played an essential role in analyzing suitable locations for MHPP development. GIS and multi-criteria spatial analysis consist of detailed investigations of ongoing sites and suitability for specific planning. This research aims to overview GIS multi-criteria spatial analysis for MHPP site suitability based on electricity South OKU demands. The most critical data and criteria to decide the best site suitability are un-electrified villages, rivers, land use, slope, landslide vulnerability, and elevation. All of the data were generated into the raster data format. Quantitative modeling used AHP as a multi-criteria analysis method, and a weighted score is determined by considering the comparison of each criterion. Finally, the criterion layer was calculated by open-source QGIS to create a site suitability map. The field study verified the resulting map, and there is a match between the preferred locations and the field survey. The research results preferred Sungai Are, Sindang Danau, and Kisam Tinggi Sub-district as the best suitability for MHPP development.

The main objectives of spatial planning is to ensure that the utilization of land resources is planned and implemented in an organized manner to meet the needs of present and future generation. The aim of this study is to develop an integrated water quality modelling for spatial planning. Study area is Ciliwung watershed, in the middle of Jakarta Coastal watershed. This area is ideal for such a study. Jakarta is the capital city of the Republic of Indonesia, the most-populous national capital, incorporating one of the world’s largest coastal cities. The environmental condition of Ciliwung River is very poor. In this area exist a spatial distribution of socio-economic activities and related land uses such as urban area, industry, mining, agriculture, forestry, aquaculture and fisheries, commerce, transportation, and all the human activities that generate the associated manmade pollution and other environmental issues. Water quality modelling of Ciliwung River has been used to analyse the correlation of water quality in the river body with the land use in that area. Water quality modelling was performed using the QUAL2K public domain free software. Eutrophication models were used to determine the fate and transport of organic pollutants. Correlation analysis was carried out in term of to design the optimal land use planning. Optimizing land use was intended to obtain maximum economic benefits without causing environmental pollution. Several scenario analysis was applied in this area. Based on the water quality modelling, it is can be identified, the main pollution problem in Ciliwung system is in the downstream area, due to the high load of non-point source pollutants in the area. Pollution control in the downstream of Ciliwung is very crucial in term of the sustainability of Ciliwung water resources. Ciliwung pollutant load control can be done by land use planning and build a waste treatment plant. Spatial planning is needed in this areas to get the area with minimal pollutant loads.

The north coastal Java located in the West Java, especially in Cirebon, Indramayu, and Subang, occurs loss and forming new land by abrasion and accretion processes. Observation using satellite imagery can be used as an initial stage to determine the distribution of abrasion and accretion around the north coastal area. Observation of land changes was assigned using Landsat imagery from 1978 to 2020. The result shows that inland change was controlled by abrasion and accretion. It is occurred in Indramayu and Subang, especially in several areas around large rivers e.g. Cipunegara and Cimanuk Rivers. Estuary changes in the Cipunegara and Cimanuk Rivers were controlled by the high flux sediment deposition of the river mouths affecting the new land forming due to the accretion process. Monitoring through Landsat satellite imagery on the Cipunagara River from 1978 to 2020 shows that there was 205 Ha of new land. Remote sensing analysis in the Cimanuk River area shows that the estuary line from 1978 to 2020 experienced accretion or new land forming for 629 Ha.

Cloud computing technology has successful cost savings, business effectiveness, and higher scalability in various fields, including the government field. The pandemic Covid-19 era has been accelerating the adoption of cloud technology; the enterprises have instructed the employees to work from home to reduce transmission. The cloud-based framework for government in developing countries was developed. However, it was arduous to apply in Indonesia as a developing country, especially in areas where technology infrastructure, human resources, and funding are insufficient. Thus, the study of the cloud implementation framework in developing countries is essential. This paper used the enterprise architecture planning method for designing a cloud GIS-based framework. The developed framework successfully implemented the cloud-based GIS technology in Indonesia with limited ownership and infrastructure of technology, resources, and funding.

<span>Geological characters analysis is essential for micro hydropower plant (MHP) development planning. This paper presents an analysis of the geological aspect to determine the layout of MHP components based on remote sensing data as part of a solution to addressing power shortages in Sungai Are District, South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra Province. Remote sensing and topographic map were extracted to identify the potential site. The topographic map and geological analysis were used to calculate the potential of electrical energy and the geological hazard risk, particularly floods and landslides. The results of the study identified four potential sites. Site 1 (Luas River, Ulu Danau Village) and site 3 (Putih River, Gintung Village) are suitable for MHP with a low cost of construction. Site 2 (Pecah Pinggan Village) and site 4 (Simpang Luas Village) are prone to flooding and landslides that makes it suitable for MHP but with a high cost of construction. Based on the geological aspect analysis, it is possible to optimize the hydropower capacity, by adding the volume of water flow from several nearby tributaries channeled into the hydropower flow system through civil construction engineering or by making a cascade design on the tailrace water flow.</span>