Background: Post-mastectomy exercise is an important part of female breast cancer patients' recovery after mastectomy as well as after radiotherapy to maintain their shoulder movement and to prevent side effects as radiation-induced fibrosis. These exercises can increase shoulder and arm motion and usually be started in a few days. Aim: To evaluate the effect of booklet-based education versus mobile-based education on women's knowledge and practice related lymphedema regarding post mastectomy exercise. Design: A quasiexperimental research design was used with a pre-and post-test. Setting: The research was conducted at the outpatient clinic of Fayoum Oncology Center, Fayoum governorate, Egypt. Subjects: A purposive sample of 200 post-mastectomy women was included (100 were taught using a mobile Whats app application and 100 were taught using a booklet). Tools: Tool I: women' structured interviewing questionnaire, it included three parts: (a) demographic characteristics; (b) women' medical data, (c) clinical manifestations of lymphedema include swelling, induration, skin changes, and decreased functionality of the affected limb, Tool II: women' knowledge regarding post mastectomy exercise, and Tool III: women' practices regarding post mastectomy exercise (pre/post). Results: The study results indicated that the main source of knowledge among post-mastectomy women was doctors. The results revealed that the knowledge and practices of both groups were improved posteducation. The mobile-based education group showed more improvement in their knowledge compared to the booklet -based education group. There were statistically significant correlations between total knowledge and practice scores of the studied women. A significant improvement was detected between the two groups regarding improving degree of arm lymphedema post education Conclusion: Mobile-based education was more effective in improving post-mastectomy women's knowledge and practices regarding post mastectomy exercise than those who taught by booklet-based education. Recommendations: Mobilebased educational methods can be used for post mastectomy women regarding post mastectomy exercise to improve their knowledge and practices.

Administering IM injection is one of the basic and important duties of a nurse often associated with pain and anxiety. Providing pain relief is considered a basic human right and it is the duties of the nurse to use most successful techniques to minimize pain. Different methods are used by the nurses to reduce pain during intramuscular injections such as applying pressure, taping the skin, giving injections to a relaxed muscle, applying cold, ShotBlocker, and Z-track techniques. Aim: the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using ShotBlocker and Z -Track techniques on minimizing the needle pain and anxiety among adult receiving intramuscular injection. Methods: Quazi experimental research design was conducted at Medical & Surgical department at Mansoura University Hospital. A convenient sample of a sixty adult patients, aged (18-65 years old) .Subjects were selected by simple random sampling technique and assigned in to two groups ,30 for each(30 in shotblocker and 30 in Z-track technique). Results: It revealed that the pain score was reduced when IM injections were administered using ShotBlocker and Z-track techniques (second injection) rather than routine standard technique (first injection).The patients in the group II (Ztrack) shows that a mean anxiety score was decrease after second injection. There was no statistical significant difference between two groups before and after two times of injections. While there was a statistical significant difference between first injection and second injection in group II, where p-value = 0.000. But no statistical significant difference between first injection and second injection in group I, where p-value = 0.330. Conclusion: It was noticed that the ShotBlocker and Z-track technique was effective in minimizing needle pain perception and Z-track technique is effective in minimizing level of anxiety but ShotBlocker was not effective in reducing anxiety.

Background: Burn victims frequently experience significant levels of anxiety and poor sleep due to their distinctive physical and psychological situations. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Jacobson's relaxation technique on anxiety and sleep quality in burn patients. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used in the present study. Settings: The study was conducted at the Plastic,

Background: Surgery is often the only therapy that can alleviate disabilities and reduce the risk of death from common conditions.Anxiety is a common phenomenon among hospitalized patients awaiting any surgical procedure. Preoperative anxiety is known to increase patient's release of catecholamines, resulting in an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, aim of this study: is to examine the effect of Nadi shodhana pranayama exercise on blood pressure and anxiety among preoperative patients.Subjects and method: Quasi experimental design was utilized at surgical departments at Mansoura University Hospital throughout six months. Purposive sample of (100) preoperative patients was divided into two groups with equal size. Tools: Three tools were used to collect data and achieve aim of study as follows: Tool I: Structured interviewing questionnaire, tool II: Beck Anxiety Inventory scale and tool III: Clinical assessment (mercury blood pressure measurement). Results: showed that there was statistically significant reduction in median of overall anxiety scores among study group (16.0%) after practicing Nadi Shodhana pranayama exercise compared to control group (22.0%) as (P ≤ 0.01) and showed that there was statistically improvement in measurements of blood pressure among study group after practicing Nadi Shodhana pranayama exercise as (P =0.002**). The study concluded; practicing of Nadi shodhana pranayama exercise has positive effect on decrease level of anxiety and regulate blood pressure among preoperative patients. The study recommends; patients undergoing surgical operations should be encouraged to practice exercise of Nadi Shodhana pranayama, and this can be helped by providing them with illustrated, colored and simplified booklet.