Negative dielectric nematic liquid crystals (LCs) doped with two azobenzene materials provide electrically switchable and permanently stable scattering mode light modulators based on dynamic fingerprint chiral textures (DFCT) with inhomogeneously helical axes. These light modulators can be switched between transparent (stable large domains of DFCT) states and scattering (stable small domains of DFCT) states by applying electric fields with different frequencies. The generation of DFCT results from the long flexible side chains of the doped chiral dopant. That is, if the DFCT can be obtained, then the large domains of DFCT reflect an intrinsically stable state. Moreover, the stabilization of the small domains of DFCT are caused by the terminal rigid restricted side chains of the other doped chiral dopant. Experimentally, the required amplitude to switch the light modulator from a scattering (transparent) state to a transparent (scattering) state decreases as the frequency of the applied electric field increases (decreases) within the set limits. This study is the first report on the advantages of the light scattering mode of DFCT, including low operating voltage, permanently stable transmission, wide viewing angle, high contrast, and polarization-independent scattering and transparency.

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Special hardware such as FPGA can provide In order to solve this problem, a snapshot method was higher simulation speed for verification. However, it is very proposed in [4] that used external memory instead of hard to debug due to the poor visibility of internal nodes. In EMB as the trace buffer. This approach can periodically

In this paper, an efficient bottom-up extraction approach is proposed to build accurate behavioral model for the switched-capacitor (SC) delta-sigma ( ) modulator. In the special extraction mode, we can use several specific patterns to obtain the key circuit parameters of the design in a short time without separating it into several sub-blocks. Actual loading effects and parasites can be considered automatically, which makes our modeling approach become more suitable for existed IPs and flattened postlayout designs. In the experiments, the comparison results between our behavioral model and HSPICE simulation have demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed modeling strategy.