A quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single-marker method was established for the simultaneous determination of five sesqutiterpenoids in Xingnaojing injection. This method was established with Xingnaojing injection determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. The durability and system suitability of the established method were evaluated, and the reliable relative correction factors were obtained with curdione selected as an internal reference. The contents of the five components in all Xingnaojing injections were determined by external standard method and the contents of curcumenone, curcumenol, curzerenone, and germacrone were also calculated with the obtained relative correction factors. Then, relative error was investigated to estimate the difference of the two methods. As a result, the established new method possesses good adaptability, and there is no significant difference between the two methods, except for the content of curzerenone in eight samples. To put the established method into practice, the limits of quantitation of the established method of the five components were proposed and defined. Thus, the developed methodology can also be utilized to the quality evaluation of Xingnaojing injection, in spite of the difference found in the content of curzerenone between the external standard method and the newly established method.

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A variety of techniques for the measurement of emissivity is available today but in many cases these techniques do not adequately meet the wide range of requirements posed by modern science and industry. Furthermore, they do not provide sufficiently accurate results and lack reliable and traceable uncertainties. Therefore, a measurement setup and a validated method for highly accurate directional spectral emissivity, total directional emissivity and total hemispherical emissivity measurements under vacuum in the wavelength range from 4 µm to 100 µm and a temperature range from-40 °C to 600 °C with validated uncertainties was developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Using a direct radiometric method with two reference blackbodies, the measurements at this facility, the Reduced Background Calibration Facility (RBCF), are traceable to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).

The absorption spectra of ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) located at v5+v9 band near 1626nm involve some strong peaks that are suitable for trace gas concentration detection. They are interference free from other abundant molecules that are normally present in the atmosphere. An ethylene analysis system has been developed based on the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The high resolution transmission of ethylene near 1626nm has been measured by this system under different concentration. The severe overlapping between neighboring spectral lines of ethylene is observed and they cannot be separated with each other easily under atmospheric pressure and room temperature, so a multi-peaks spectrum recognition method is proposed to separate the ethylene spectrum from other interference gas while the ethylene concentration is ultra low. A mixture of high concentration methane, low concentration ethylene with air is used to evaluate the recognition efficiency. The result shows that the ethylene line can be abstract from strong background interference using multi-peaks spectrum recognition method and the accuracy of concentration measurement can reach about 5% comparing with a mass flow meter.