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In this study, xLi 2 O-(1−x)WO 3 powders were mixed with WO 3 and Li 2 O and pressed into target pellets to fabricate electrochromic films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glasses prepared by electron beam evaporation under the parameters of room temperature, and thicknesses of about 530 nm. It was expected that the amount of charge stored in the electrochromic devices (ECDs) could be enhanced by using the doping method in the cathode materials. The experimental results show that as the composition of Li 0.18 W 0.82 O 2.6 powder was formed, the optimal characteristics of ECD can be obtained. In which, as a voltage of 3.5 V was applied on ECD, a transmittance change (∆T%) of 53.1%, an optical density (∆OD) of 0.502, an intercalation charge (Q) of 12.9 mC/cm 2 and a coloration efficiency (η) of 41.6 cm 2 /C at a wavelength of 550 nm can be achieved. These results demonstrate that Li 2 O doping in WO 3 films could effectively improve the coloration and electrochromic properties of ECD devices.

To support an automatic assistant learning and selfpaced learning mechanism is the objective in today's e-learning environment. Researches of QA system focus on the following characteristics: understand questioners' questions in the form of nature language; enhance the accuracy of search result, and establish automatic learning mechanism. Base these characteristics, we develop a Semantic English QA system to analyze learners' questions and find the relevant answer from the target course ontology. Firstly, this research uses Link Grammar Parser to analyze the syntactic information from the input sentence. According to the syntactic information, secondly, the following process queries the similar word lists generated from WordNet to extend relevant meaning. Thirdly, the two kinds of information can be used to form a semantic tree. Lastly, the semantic tree will map the Data Structure course ontology and find the relevant contents in order to answer learners.