A novel magnetic field fiber sensor based on magnetic fluid is proposed. The sensor is configured as a Sagnac interferometer structure with a magnetic fluid film and a section of polarization maintaining fiber inserted into the fiber loop to produce a sinusoidal interference spectrum for measurement. The output interference spectrum is shifted as the change of the applied magnetic field strength with a sensitivity of 16.7 pm/Oe and a resolution of 0.60 Oe. The output optical power is varied with the change of the applied magnetic field strength with a sensitivity of 0.3998 dB/Oe.
Current-driven skyrmions drift from the intended direction of motion in a thin magnetic film due to the presence of the Magnus force and are annihilated upon reaching the film edge. This paper proposes two methods to engineer a 1D potential well to confine the skyrmion motion in the center region of nanowires and thus preventing annihilation. By patterning the magnetic anisotropy of the film or by adding a layer of magnetic material at the edges, the barrier height and width of the potential well can be controlled. Magnetic skyrmions in such nanowires can then be guided to traverse only along the axis of the nanowire, even in nanowires with steep bends. In addition, we also report a compression mechanism where the skyrmion size and separation distance can be reduced by modifying the potential well, thus increasing the skyrmion packing density in a nanowire. The guided motion and high skyrmion density made possible by our proposed methods will allow for the realization of high density skyrmion based memory.Index Terms-Magnetic skyrmions, micromagnetic simulations, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, spin structures.
Magnetic skyrmion transport has been primarily based on the use of spin torques which require high current densities and face performance deterioration associated with Joule heating. In this work, we derive an analytical model for energy efficient skyrmion propagation in an antiferromagneticallycoupled bilayer structure using a magnetic anisotropy gradient. The interlayer skyrmion coupling provides a strong restoring force between the skyrmions, which not only prevents annihilation but also increases their forward velocity up to the order of km s -1 . For materials with low Gilbert damping parameter, the interlayer skyrmion coupling force can be amplified up to ten times, with a corresponding increase in velocity. Furthermore, the analytical model also provides insights into the dynamics of skyrmion pinning and relaxation of asymmetric skyrmion pairs in bilayer-coupled skyrmion systems.
The β phase of Ta is known
to exhibit higher spin Hall efficiency
compared to other heavy metals such as Pt. However, the larger resistivity
of β-phase Ta leads to higher power consumption for spin–orbit
torque (SOT)-based devices. In this work, we measure the efficiency
of damping-like torque and field-like torque in Ni80Fe20/Ta using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance technique.
We report a larger damping-like torque efficiency of −(0.52
± 0.01) for Ni80Fe20/Ta with low-resistive
mixed (α + β)-phase Ta, which is about 40% larger compared
to β-phase Ta. The field-like torque efficiency is found to
be lower (by ≈400%) and of opposite sign compared to β-phase
Ta. The estimated power consumption is found to be lower in the mixed-phase
Ta system compared to the β-phase Ta as well as some Pt-based
systems. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that the measured
values of damping-like torque and field-like torque for mixed-phase
Ta lead to improved device performance, namely, (i) a lower switching
time in a nanopillar-based SOT device and (ii) improved phase noise
in a nanoconstriction-based spin Hall nano-oscillator.
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