Transmembrane-4-L-six-family-1 (TM4SF1), a tumor-associated antigen, is expressed in various human epithelial malignancies including breast, ovarian, lung, and colon carcinomas. The aim of the present study was to measure TM4SF1 gene expression in human glioma tissues and to investigate its relationship with patient outcome. We measured TM4SF1 expression in tumor tissue from 72 patients with glioma and in eight control brain tissues by means of quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The survival data including age, sex, Karnofsky performance scores, epilepsy, size of tumor, extent of resection, pathological grade, and TM4SF1 expression were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the multivariate test method (Cox's proportional hazards model). We observed a higher level of TM4SF1 expression in human glioma tissues than in control brain tissues. Furthermore, TM4SF1 expression increased with ascending tumor grade (rs=0.950, P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test indicated that high TM4SF1 expression had a significant negative impact on overall survival (P<0.001). Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that TM4SF1 was an independent prognostic marker in glioma patients. These findings indicate that (a) TM4SF1 is overexpressed in human gliomas in general and (b) the precise level of expression might predict outcome and could be of clinical value.

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Background The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the determinants of postoperative respiratory failure in elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods The subjects of this study were 663 elderly patients who had hip fracture and had been treated with total hip arthroplasty at our hospital from January 2014 to May 2020. According to the occurrence of postoperative respiratory failure, 626 patients with no respiratory failure were retrospectively included in the control group, and 37 cases combined with respiratory failure were enrolled in the PRF group. The clinical and surgical data of the two groups were collected and analyzed to evaluate the determinants of respiratory failure by logistic regression analysis. Results There were no significant differences in the demographics and baseline variables including age, gender, fracture type and location between the groups (P > 0.05). All patients received hip surgery including total hip arthroplasty (THA), hemiarthroplasty (HA) and internal fixation with PFNA (proximal femoral nail anti-rotation). There were no significant differences in operative time and intraoperative blood loss between the groups (P > 0.05). However, close associations were found between pulmonary hypertension (univariate analysis: OR = 3.792, 95% CI = 1.421–10.203; multivariate analysis: OR = 1.132, 95% CI = 1.003–1.251), obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 1.119, 95% CI = 1.009–1.238; multivariate analysis: OR = 13.298, 95% CI = 4.021–43.298), bronchiectasis and emphysema (OR = 4.949, 95% CI = 1.919–9.873; multivariate analysis: OR = 11.231, 95% CI = 187.87), and history of respiratory failure (OR = 6.098, 95% CI = 2.012–12.198; multivariate analysis: OR = 8.389, 95% CI = 2.391–21.982) with postoperative respiratory failure (P < 0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary hypertension, abnormal lung texture, obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, emphysema, history of respiratory failure, and hypoproteinemia may be risk factors for postoperative respiratory failure in elderly patients with hip fracture.

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