No abstract

In China, Colla corii asini is a health-care food and traditional Chinese medicine widely used in life-nourishing and clinical hematic antanemic therapy for more than 2,000 years. In this paper we compiled the chemical constituents isolated and detected from Colla corii asini including amino acids, proteins/gelatins, polysaccharides, volatile substances, inorganic substances, etc. Meanwhile we investigated the biological activities of Colla corii asini, which have been reported over the past few decades, including, hematologic diseases inhibitory activities, anti-aging activity, antitumor activity, immunomodulatory activity, bone repair activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antifatigue activity, etc. However, few reports on the relationships between the chemical constituents and bioactivities have been found, further studies of Colla corii asini are still necessary to facilitate research and development in the future.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a syndrome of varying degrees of cognitive and memory impairment caused by cerebrovascular injury (Jia et al., 2018; Qian Wang, Yang, Zhang, Zhao, & Xu, 2020). VaD is a common form of dementia and affects millions of subjects around all the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that there are currently about 35.6 million people with dementia worldwide, and the number is estimated to increase by 7.7 million annually (Xu et al., 2017). And among these dementia cases, VaD accounts for about 15%-20%, which is the second most common dementia subtype after Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the increase in human life expectancy, the number of VaD patients and the cost of treatment are expected to increase exponentially, which is attracting more

Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside obtained from various natural sources, has many biological functions. However, its ovarian failure-resistant effect has scarcely been studied. The present study used senile 14-month-old Sprague-Dawley female rats to examine the in vivo ovarian failure-resistant activity of catalpol. Daily oral graded doses of catalpol (1, 3, or 5 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks significantly increased the levels of serum 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) and progesterone (P4) but reduced follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels. Electron microscopic analysis and flow cytometry showed that catalpol significantly retarded apoptosis of the ovarian granulocytes of the rats. These findings suggest that catalpol works on the sex organs by nourishing ovarian tissues and improving both the quality and quantity of follicles, thus leading to rebalanced E 2 and P4 levels in aged rats so that catalpol has a direct in vivo antiaging effect on the rat ovarian system. Key words catalpol; ovarian recession; menopausal symptomMenopause, a naturally occurring phenomenon in women between the ages of 40 and 60 years, represents the cessation of menstrual cycles due to loss of estrogen and progesterone secretion. Research into the main cellular and molecular aspects of ovarian follicle ageing that lead to menopause include a wide range of important factors. Follicle ageing is characterized by the impairment of specific functions of oocytes and granulosa cells, as well as general cellular dysfunctions including reduced mitochondrial activity, energetic failure, and changes in gene and protein expression. It is speculated that the level of cellular decline is sufficient to make ovarian follicles and ovulated oocytes more susceptible to apoptosis.

No abstract