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Three varieties of safflower seed oil (SSO) from Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China, were analyzed by headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) to reveal volatile components. Overall, 67 volatile components were determined and four compounds including isoamyl alcohol, caproic acid, n‐pentanal, and heptanal were newly identified in SSO as aroma‐active components. Meanwhile, 16 compounds were selected by relative odor activity value (ROAV) to evaluate contributions of single compounds to the overall odor (ROAV > 1), in which nonanal, (Z)‐6‐nonenal, and (E)‐2,4‐decadienal were the top three contributed substances (ROAV > 70). The sensory panel was described as eight definition terms (grassy, fruity, almond, mushroom, fatty, sweet, paddy, and overall fragrance). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a significant separation of three cultivars with the first principal component (PC‐1) and the second principal component (PC‐2) expressing 73.9% and 23.1%, respectively. Both PCA and ROAV allowed identifying the compounds positively correlated to sensory evaluation.

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This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of microencapsulated apple polyphenols (MAP) in controlling cathepsin activity and texture, as well as inhibiting protein oxidation and metmyoglobin formation in lamb meat during frozen storage at −18 °C for 40 weeks. The effects of degradation in vitro on cathepsin and the microstructure in lamb were also evaluated. Results indicated that relative to the control group, the lamb treated with MAP exhibited increased cathepsin activity and inhibited metmyoglobin production. Textural characteristics, such as hardness and springiness, significantly changed (p < 0.05). Treatment with 0.2–1.6 mg/mL of MAP effectively reduced the mean particle size, increasing the zeta potential, delaying the conversion of α-helices to random coils, and maintaining the integrity of the tissue structure. However, treatment with 3.2 mg/mL of MAP damaged the protein structure. Degradation in vitro indicated that protein oxidation hindered the effect of cathepsin and was a dominant factor affecting protein during the frozen storage. These results demonstrated that microencapsulation can potentially be used for meat preservation and replace chemical antioxidants in the meat industry.

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