The 10-formyl group in k-strophanthidine (1) reacts with (diethoxyphosphoryl)acetonitrile/ sodium hydride or ethyl (diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate/sodium hydride under non-prototropic reaction conditions via PO-activated o l e h t i o n to form the corresponding cardenolides 4 and 6, respectively, bearing two additional C-atoms in position 19, without impairing the 14@-hydroxy-17(3-butenolide system essential for cardiac activity. Under prototropic conditions, however, the butenolide ring is transformed chemically. The glycosides 12,14, and 16 are obtained by glycosidation of the 3-hydroxy group of 6 and 4 according to the KoenigsKnorr or "glycal'' process, and subsequent saponification of the sugar acetate groups. -Reaction of ethoxyethynyllithium and of methyllithium with the 10-fonnyl group of 3-0-(tetrahydro-2-pyranyl)-k-strophanthidine (17) and subsequent reactions leads to 6, and to the cardenolides 20 and 22, respectively, bearing an additional methyl group at C-19. -The glycosides 12 and 14 show the highest cardiac activity i n isolated guinea pig hearts.
Durch Addition von hypobromiger Saure an die 14(15)-Doppelbindung des synthetisch zuganglichen 14Anhydroscillarenons (l), Umwandlung der 15a,l@-Bromhydringruppe zum 14,lSP-Epoxid 3 und Reduktion der 3-0x0-zur 36-Hydroxygruppe wird das dem Scillarenin strukturell verwandte 14,15(3-Epoxy-3(3-hydroxy-1@-bufa-4,20,22-trienolid (4) erhalten. -Zur Synthese des 3-cc-~-Rhamnopyranosids 11 von 4 wird, ausgehend vom Proscillaridin A (6), nach Schutz der Zucker-Hydroxygruppen als Acetate (6 -+ 7), Dehydratisierung der 14-Hydroxygruppe zur 14(15)-Doppelbindung (7 + 8) uber das Bromhydrin 9 bzw. das lodhydrin das im Zuckeranteil acetylierte 14,15(3-Epoxy-Analoge 10 des Proscillaridins A erhalten. Das daraus nach Verseifung der Acetat-Schutzgruppen resultierende 14,15~-Epoxy-3~-hydroxy-l~-bufa-4,20,22-trienolid-3-(a-L-rhamnopyranosid) (ll), das mit KIO, zum Aglycon 4 abgebaut werden kann, zeigt ein interessantes pharmakologisches Wirkungsspektrum, das kurz vorgestellt wird.
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