Background: Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) refer to a condition of variable birth defects, such as hearing impairment, congenital heart defects, cataract or congenital glaucoma, and others. In Indonesia, the incidence rate of rubella infection in 2015 was 3.2 per 100.000 live birth and increasing to 5.6 per 100.000 live birth in 2017. Rubella vaccination can decrease the incidence of CRS, however it has not been implemented in many developing country. Hearing impairment is the most common clinical manifestation among CRS cases. Purpose: This study was performed to know the hearing profile on CRS from January until December 2018, at Hasan Sadikin Hospital. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study design was conducted. Data was obtained from medical records and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) results, between January until December 2018, at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Results: There were 60 CRS patients, 53 of them (88%) had hearing loss. Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) in 27 patients (45%), severe SNHL in 18 patients (30%), 3 of them were unilateral, moderate unilateral SNHL in 3 patients (5%), mild SNHL in 5 patients (8%) consisted of 2 unilateral SNHL and 3 bilateral SNHL. Normal hearing in 7 patients (12%). Conclusion: Eighty eight percent of CRS patients had hearing loss, 75% with bilateral SNHL. Follow-up and management for these patients required multidisciplinary approach such as paediatrics, ophthalmologic, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and parental support. Latar belakang: Sindrom Rubella Kongenital (SRK) mengacu pada berbagai kondisi cacat lahir, seperti gangguan pendengaran, cacat jantung kongenital, katarak atau glaukoma kongenital, dan lain-lain. Di Indonesia, tingkat kejadian infeksi rubella pada tahun 2015 adalah 3,2 per 100,000 kelahiran hidup dan meningkat menjadi 5,6 per 100,000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2017. Vaksinasi rubella dapat mengurangi kejadian SRK, namun belum diterapkan di banyak negara berkembang. Gangguan pendengaran adalah manifestasi klinis paling umum di antara kasus SRK. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil pendengaran pada SRK, dari Januari sampai dengan Desember 2018, di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif retrospektif. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis dan hasil Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) antara Januari hingga Desember 2018 di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Hasan Sadikin, Bandung. Hasil: Didapatkan 60 pasien SRK, 53 pasien (88%) mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Gangguan pendengaran sensorineural (GPSN) sangat berat terdapat pada 27 pasien (45%), GPSN berat pada 18 pasien (30%), 3 di antaranya adalah GPSN unilateral. GPSN unilateral sedang pada 3 pasien (5%), GPSN ringan pada 5 pasien (8%) terdiri dari 2 gangguan pendengaran unilateral dan 3 GPSN bilateral. Pendengaran normal pada 7 pasien (12%). Kesimpulan: Delapan puluh delapan persen pasien SRK mengalami gangguan pendengaran, 75% dengan GPSN bilateral. Tindak lanjut dan penatalaksanaan untuk pasien ini memerlukan pendekatan multidisiplin: spesialis THT, spesialis anak, spesialis mata, spesialis kedokteran fisik dan rehabilitasi, serta dukungan orang tua.

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Objective: To evaluate chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyp (NP) characteristics in patients with routine visits to the Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery outpatient clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung.Methods: This descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Rhinology-Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Departement of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, in the period of January 2014 to December 2014. Data were obtained from medical records and the sampling method used was total sampling. A total of 100 CRS with NP patients were evaluated. Nasal endoscopy examinations were performed. Patients were classified based on age into 10-20 years, 21-31 years, 32-42 years, 43-53 years, and >54 years groups.Results: Chronic rhinosinusitis with NP incidences were mostly found in male patients compared to females. There were several CRS cases with NP risk factors, including smoking and allergy. Conclusions:In the study, CRS with NP patients may possibly have one or more risk factors. Smoking is the major risk factor from CRS with NP after allergy.

Background: Hearing is one of the most influential factors in children developmental process. The critical period of hearing and speech development begins in the first 6 months of life and continues until the age of 3 years. World Health Organization estimates that one to three in a thousand births have sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Early detection of hearing loss is substantial so that the diagnosis can be established and appropriate intervention can be done earlier. Purpose: To determine the hearing status in children under five years of age in Jatinangor. Method: A cross-sectional observational study with 240 subjects under the age of five in 12 Integrated Healthcare Center (Posyandu) in Jatinangor. Examinations included parental interviews, Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA), Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE), and tympanometry tests. Result: One child (0.4%) had moderate conductive hearing lossin the left ear, 1 child (0.4%) had bilateralsevere SNHL, and 7 children (2.9%) had profound bilateral SNHL. Conclusion: The incidence of hearing loss in children under five in Jatinangor was 3.8%, with bilateral profound SNHL asthe highest number, and the most common cause were prenatal Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) dan Herpes simplex virus (TORCH) infections.Keywords: children under-five, early detection, hearing status ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pendengaran merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat berpengaruh dalam proses perkembangan anak. Periode kritis perkembangan pendengaran dan berbicara dimulai dalam 6 bulan pertama kehidupan dan terus berlanjut sampai usia 3 tahun. Badan kesehatan dunia memperkirakan satu sampai tiga dalam seribu kelahiran terdapat kejadian gangguan dengar jenis sensorineural. Deteksi dini gangguan dengar penting untuk dilakukan sehingga diagnosis dapat ditegakkan dan intervensi yang tepat dapat dilakukan sedini mungkin. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui status pendengaran pada anak usia bawah lima tahun di kecamatan Jatinangor. Metode: Penelitian observasional potong lintang dengan subjek penelitian 240 anak usia bawah lima tahun di 12 Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Posyandu) Kecamatan Jatinangor. Dilakukan pemeriksaan meliputi wawancara orangtua anak, tes Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA), tes Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) dan tes timpanometri. Hasil: Didapatkan 1 anak (0,4%) mengalami gangguan dengar konduktif derajat sedang pada telinga kiri, 1 anak (0,4%) mengalami gangguan dengar sensorineural derajat berat bilateral, dan 7 anak (2,9%) mengalami gangguan dengar sensorineural derajat sangat berat bilateral. Kesimpulan: Angka kejadian gangguan dengar pada balita di kecamatan Jatinangor sebesar 3,8% dengan gangguan dengar terbanyak berupa sensorineural derajat sangat berat bilateral, dan latar belakang penyebab terbanyak adalah infeksi prenatal Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus dan Herpes simplex virus (TORCH).