Macadamia nuts are grown in subtropical and tropical regions and endemic species in Greenland that can be commercially developed in Indonesia. Macadamia’s generative propagation tends to have problems in its seed stock. It often experiences obstacles in field seed stock, and the production requires a long time because it has a thick shell (pericarp). Macadamia initiation needs technology to prevent extinction. One of the propagation is through the technique culture in vitro. This research was conducted to determine the initial response of basic media and to know the response of Macadamia growth in vitro. This research used five media which are Media 1 (DKW with BAP 0.1 ppm, kinetin 0.1ppm), Media 2 (WPM with BAP 1 ppm), media 3 (DKW), media 4 (MS), media 5 (MS with BAP 0.5 ppm). The results showed that media 1 and 3 (DKW media) had a good response for leaf and shoot growth in macadamia explants.

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Human development is a process of human development that aims to be able to have more choices, particularly in income, health and education dimanasalah of the criterion can be seen through the Human Development Index. The aim of research was to analyze and obtain empirical evidence on the influence of financial performance (fiscal independency, effectiveness of Regional Original Revenue, and expenditure harmony) and economic growth on human development index in Bombana Regency and to find out the most dominant variable influencing human development index. The research was descriptive qualitative study to give a systematic, factual and accurate description on the facts and real condition of financial performance, economic growth, and human development index in Bombana Regency. The data in the research were time series secondary data obtained from library study. They were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the research indicate that fiscal independency, the effectiveness of Regional Original Revenue, expenditure harmony, and economic growth have influence on human development index. Economic growth has the most dominant influence on human development index.

Temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Val & Zijp) is a traditional medicinal plant that is believed in community as an analgesic. The objective of this research was to determine the analgesic activity of the C. heyneana rhizome by using infra red (IR) thermal induction method in mice. Mice were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 served as negative control, group 2,3,4,5 served as treatment groups which is  given ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at  dose of 5, 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg respectively, group 6 and 7 served as  comparable groups, given antalgin 65 mg/kg and morphine sulphate 1.3 mg/kg respectively. The observation have been done, included to pain resistance of mice which exposed by infra red (IR) every 10 minutes for 80 minutes. The data were analyzed by ANOVA at the significance level of 95%. Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the doses of 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg had significant effect to reduce the pain compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at dose of 125 mg/kg, had the same effect to antalgin 65 mg/kg  (p≥0.05), while the ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the dose of 625 mg/kg had the same effect as morphine sulfate 1.3 mg/kg (p≥0.05). It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome has analgesic activity.   Keywords: temu giring, analgesic, Curcuma heyneana, rhizome

Guru ialah salah satu komponen berarti dalam proses belajar mengajar. Terdapatnya perbandingan latar balik pembelajaran dapat pengaruhi kegiatan seseorang guru dalam melaksanakan aktivitas belajar mengajar. Oleh sebab itu berartinya guru Profesional dalam bidang pembelajaran serta pendidikan. Pekerjaan yang Profesional merupakan pekerjaan yang hanya bisa oleh mereka yang secara spesial untuk itu serta bukan pekerjaan yang dicoba oleh mereka yang tidak bisa ataupun tidak mendapatkan pekerjaan yang lain. Guru yang Profesional atau terlatih dituntut wajib sanggup berfungsi sebagai manajer yang baik, wajib sanggup melakukan segala tahap-tahap kegiatan serta proses pendidikan dengan manajemen yang baik sehingga tujuan pendidikan yang diharapkan bisa diraih dengan hasil yang memuaskan. Kedudukan atau peran guru ialah menghasilkan suasana pendidikan yang berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan seseorang siswa. Tingkatkan mutu Pembelajaran IPS ialah upaya yang ditempuh seseorang guru untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran IPS siswa memakai asas pembelajaran ataupun teori belajar serta nilai-nilai sosial yang ialah penentu utama keberhasilan pembelajaran. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah mendeskripsikan peran guru Profesional dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran IPS disekolah dengan menjadikan peserta didik generasi yang mampu bersaing dan memiliki moral yang baik . Artikel ini disusun dengan metode studi literatur yang memanfaatkan 16 sumber yang berhubungan tentang peran profesional guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran IPS disekolah. Hasil pembahasan artikel ini menguraikan bahwa: (1) Upaya guru profesional sangat berperan penting dalam penerapan pembelajaran IPS, (2) Pentingnya guru profesional dalam bidang pendidikan dan pembelajaran, (3) Seorang guru dikatakan professional jika memenuhi beberapa kompetensi, diantaranya : a). Kompetensi Pedagogik, b). Kompetensi Kepribadian, c). Kompetensi Sosial, d). Kompetensi Profesional.