No abstract

OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer is the most prevalent carcinoma found in Indonesian women, and its incidence remains high worldwide. Lipocalin 2 has been linked with the progression of breast cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is an enzyme that has an important role in angiogenesis. We investigated the relationship between lipocalin 2 and MMP9 and the ability of lipocalin 2 for predicting MMP9 levels in female patients with breast cancer. METHOD: A total of 55 female patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Lipocalin 2 and MMP9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Lipocalin 2 was significantly correlated with MMP9 levels (r = 0.756, p < 0.001). Lipocalin 2 levels could describe the MMP9 levels (𝛽 = 0.76, p < 0.001, R2 = 56.9%). CONCLUSION: Higher lipocalin 2 levels in female patients with breast cancer indicate higher MMP9 levels. Lipocalin 2 can be used to predict MMP9 levels.

The study of the effect of cooperative learning model two stay two stray types on motivation and learning outcomes of the fifth-grade students of SDN15 Palu was carried out from March to June 2018. This study used quasi-experimental methods. The research design used the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and test results. The data analysis technique used the t-test inferential statistical method. The study population was fifth-grade students of SDN15 Palu. The sample of the research was Va class with as many as 29 people as the experimental group and Vb class with 28 people as the control group, which was determined by purposive sampling technique. The independent variable in this study was the TSTS model, while the dependent variable was a motivation and learning outcomes. Based on hypothesis testing with two-party t-test statistics obtained students learning motivation with t count was higher than t table (7.876 > 2.004). Student learning outcomes obtained tcount higher than t table  (3.654 > 2.004). These results indicated that the application of cooperative learning model two stay two stray type influences the motivation and learning outcomes of the science of the fifth-grade students of SDN 15 Palu.