The study aims to explore power relations and social classes as the reflections of the masculine ideology of the author in the novel Pengakuan Pariyem by Linus Suryadi AG. The theories implemented in the study are van Dijk’s power relations and social classes theory and Connell’s masculinity theory. The study is qualitative descriptive and applies the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) method, used to dismantle the ideology that is produced and reproduced through the language within the novel. The research data are lingual units that indicate power relations and social classes which simultaneously reflect the notion of masculinity.  The results of the study are as follows. First, Pariyem as the central character in the novel lives within a hierarchical and dualistic Javanese society. Her submission as the babu (housemaid) of a priyayi (noble) family does not only lead Pariyem to be dominated symbolically, but also legitimizes the priyayi (aristocrats) power over wong cilik (commoners).  It is reinforced by the representations of the priyayis’ world views in terms of culture, aristocracy, bureaucracy, and education orientation. It shows that priyayis are culturally dominant. Secondly, since Pariyem is a character created by a male author, her behaviors and actions reflect the ideology of masculinity. Rather than voicing women, the power relations that Pariyem experiences through the events constructed in the novel show that she embodies the masculine ideology, or masculinity.

This article discusses the cultural village transformation into a tourism village in Bejiharjo, a rural tourism destination in Indonesia. Based on the Actor-Network Theory, Bejiharjo is a space formed in a dynamic network of relationships between actors, both human and non-human actors. Using online media observation, semi-structured interviews, and direct observation, the complexity of the relations between actors in the transformation of rural development that causes aestheticisation, consumerism, translation, place-making, touristification, and cosmopolitanism in Bejiharjo is explored. The findings of this study reveal that, at first, the cultural scapes ordering of Bejiharjo should conserve local cultural values. Then, government regulations on tourism development emerged and encouraged the development of rural areas with the concept of a tourism village. This dynamic and interrelated process triggers competition between individual and group interests and causes chronic conflicts in Bejiharjo.