Contrast-induced nephropathy has been the common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury in the elderly patients. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy in over-aged patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention. A total of 470 over-aged patients (≥80 years old) were judged as the contrast-induced nephropathy group ( n = 46) and non-contrast-induced nephropathy group ( n = 424) according to the postoperative 48-h serum creatinine levels. The patients’ clinical information such as hypertension grade, number and degree of coronary artery stenosis, and death rate was compared. The risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy were also analyzed. The hypertension grade in the contrast-induced nephropathy group was significantly higher than that in the non-contrast-induced nephropathy group ( P = 0.004). The degree of coronary artery stenosis was significantly more in the contrast-induced nephropathy group compared with the non-contrast-induced nephropathy group ( P = 0.003). The death rate of the contrast-induced nephropathy group (15.8%) was significantly higher than that of the non-contrast-induced nephropathy group (0.6%; P = 0.000). The percentage of patients with abnormal urine microalbumin was significantly bigger in the contrast-induced nephropathy group (62.5%) when comparing to the non-contrast-induced nephropathy group (23.6%; P = 0.00). Besides, there was also significant difference in the emergency/selective operation between the contrast-induced nephropathy group and non-contrast-induced nephropathy group ( P = 0.001). Further, hypertension grade ( P = 0.019), emergency/selective operation ( P = 0.025), degree of coronary artery stenosis ( P = 0.038), eGFR ( P = 0.034), and urine microalbumin ( P = 0.005) were the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy. Hypertension grade, emergency/selective operation, degree of coronary artery stenosis, eGFR, and urine microalbumin were the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy in over-aged patients receiving coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, providing guidance for the clinical prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. Impact statement In this work, we evaluated the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in over-aged patients receiving coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We found that hypertension grade, emergency/selective operation, degree of coronary artery stenosis, eGFR, and urine microalbumin were the risk factors for CIN in over-aged patients receiving CAG and PCI. This study provides guidance for the clinical prevention of CIN in over-aged patients undergoing coronary intervention, highlighting that a perioperative comprehensive management strategy is needed to improve the prognosis.

It is of great interest and importance to have a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of tar derived from major components of municipal solid waste to guide gasification syngas cleaning and upgrading. In this paper, cellulose and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were chosen as principle components, and the surface tension, kinematic viscosity, and contact angle of tar derived from cellulose, PVC, and their mixture at temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C were experimentally studied. Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were employed to identify major tar species and their corresponding molecular bonds. Results indicated that the surface tension increased from around 51.4, 41.4, and 58.6 mN/m at 400 °C to 54.8, 47.2, and 64.9 mN/m at 600 °C for cellulose, PVC, and their mixture, respectively. Correspondingly, the kinematic viscosity changed from around 5. 64, 20.37, and 10.37 cSt to 10.35, 34.21,and 15.51 cSt. The surface tension was affected by the co-pyrolysis of cellulose and PVC, while no obvious interaction was observed for kinematic viscosity. GC−MS results showed that the major species of tar generated from cellulose were miscellaneous hydrocarbons with a proportion between 69.7 and 96.3%. The composition for tar derived from PVC and their mixture showed a dramatic difference compared to that from cellulose. NMR spectra indicated that the function group of tar derived from the PVC and cellulose mixture was dominated by PVC.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of cystatin C (CysC) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) regarding vascular lesions and their severity in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsAccording to the results of coronary angiography, 195 ACS patients were divided into a single-vascular-lesion group (91 cases), a dual-vascular-lesion group (67 cases), and a multiple-vascular-lesion group (37 cases) to assess the severity of coronary artery disease according to Gensini scores and to analyze the correlations of CysC and eGFR level with vascular lesions and severity in ACS patients.ResultsIntergroup comparisons of univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that CysC was positively correlated with vascular lesions (P < 0.05), but eGFR showed no correlation. Regarding the severity of vascular lesions, CysC was positively correlated with Gensini score (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.1811, P < 0.05), but eGFR was not correlated (P > 0.05).ConclusionsSerum CysC levels could reflect the severity of vascular lesions in ACS patients, and a high CysC level had predictive value regarding the severity of vascular lesions in ACS.

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