Aqueous concentrations of VEGF-A and PEDF were significantly elevated in eyes with neovascular glaucoma. Within one week after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, VEGF-A concentration decreased to subnormal levels, while the PEDF concentration remained unchanged and the VEGF-A/PEDF ratio decreased.

Purpose Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious ocular disease that can lead to retinal microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. To date, no studies have explored PDR development by analyzing the aqueous humor (AH). Therefore we carried out tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic quantification to compare AH protein profiles between PDR and non-PDR subjects. Methods We enrolled six PDR and six control (senile cataract) subjects. AH samples were collected during surgery and stored at –80°C. Proteins were extracted, trypsin-digested, and labeled with TMTs for mass spectrometric analysis. Results We found 191 proteins to be changed with |log 2 (fold change)| ≥1 ( P < 0.05 and identification with at least two peptides per protein). Of them, 111 were downregulated, whereas 80 were upregulated in the PDR group. Proteomic bioinformatic analysis indicated that PDR development was related to complement and coagulation cascades, platelet activation, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, protein digestion and absorption, human papillomavirus infection, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathways, fat digestion and absorption, and vitamin digestion and absorption pathways. Conclusions Comprehensive proteomic profiling of the AH revealed 191 differentially expressed proteins between the two groups. Most of these proteins belong to secretory pathways, and therefore can be used as biomarkers in clinical testing and basic research. Translational Relevance Pathway analysis and a review of the literature enabled us to draw a novel biological map that will support further studies on the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic control of PDR development.

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segmental buckles, drainage of subretinal fluid, and anterior chamber paracentesis, being optional. No mention is made of final tension in the band, shortening of the band, intraocular pressure, or the height of the band-induced buckle at the end of the procedure.Their data indicate that undesirable postoperative side effects (shallow anterior chamber, increased axial length and myopia) are the result of the tension of the band, and, by implication, the height of the band-induced scleral buckle, because around 3 months postoperatively these phenomena reverse as the absorbable suture dissolves, the tension of the band is released and the height of the buckle diminishes. These are very important data. They corroborate what surgeons have suspected for many years and should inform us about our surgical technique: the ideal scleral buckle is created with imbricating sutures straddling wider implants, with the band supporting and not creating the buckle.Nevertheless, their single surgery reattachment rate at 6 months is excellent, even with the temporary buckle. Whether or not this is permanent and will persist for the lifetime of the patients remains to be seen, and we look forward to reports of their long-term results in the future.Scleral buckling has not undergone significant advances in materials or techniques over the past 2 decades, and we commend the authors for their thoughtful contribution to this important retinal detachment repair technique. In the meantime, adhering to those principles developed by Schepens et al, especially with regard to the purpose and use of encircling elements, will minimize side effects and provide the best long-term outcomes for our patients.