The complete mitogenome sequence of Cherskii's sculpin (Cottus czerskii) is determined using long PCR. The genome is 16,534 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The overall base composition of the heavy strand is A (26.4%), C (30.1%), T (26.1%) and G (17.5%). The control region is 857 bp in length and the A + T content of the region is 61.5%. The extended termination-associated sequence domain, the central conserved domain and the conserved sequence block domain are defined in the mitochondrial genome control region of Cherskii's sculpin. Mitochondrial genome analyses based on MP, NJ and Bayesian analyses yielded identical phylogenetic trees, indicating a close phylogenetic affinity of the 21 Actinopterygii species. It appears that no less than two major phyletic lineages were present in Actinopterygii. The main clades within the Perciformes and Scorpaeniformes supported are: a clade including the Scombridae, Kyphosidae and Percichthyidae; a clade (Cottidae) with the Trichodontidae as the sister taxon to Pholidae, Anarhichadidae and Zoarcidae, which was supported by bootstrap values of 92%. The five Cottus species formed a paraphyletic group with the high bootstrap value (100%) in all examinations.

Bombina orientalis is widely used due to bombesin which isolated from its skin. But in recent years, the population of B. orientalis has become declining distinctly because of human activities, environmental pollution, drought climatic conditions and other factors. In order to provide the molecular basis for the proposal of biodiversity conservation, we report the development of 12 microsatellite markers for B. orientalis based on RNA-Seq. We test polymorphism against in 48 B. orientalis individuals which randomly selected from 182 individuals take advantage of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). These markers will be useful in the research on the genetic diversity, population genetic structure and other studies. For B. orientalis, all of these loci showed polymorphism, and in line with the H-W equilibrium law. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 21. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0118 to 0.7795 and from 0.1612 to 0.8703, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.153 to 0.857. And the genetic diversity of B. orientalis in Lushui Rivers is significantly higher than that in the Maoer Mountains.

Hypsugo alaschanicus belong to Chiroptera, which is the only type of mammals with the real ability to fly. The complete mitochondrial genome of H. alaschanicus based on next generation sequencing data thus determined had 37 genes for 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs together with a major non-coding region in a typical gene arrangement of vertebrate mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Pipistrellini is multiline origin, Pipistrellus -like bats can be divided into three groups: Pipistrellini-Nyctalini, Vespertilionini-Eptesicini, and Asian Pipistrelles. Hypsugo alone become a clade, Vespertilio and Eptesicus phylogenetic relationship are closer, Pipistrellus and Nyctalus have a close phylogenetic relationship.

The mitochondrial genome sequence of Hebius vibakari ruthveni is analyzed and presented for the public for the first time. The genome was 17,259 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 control regions. The overall base composition is A (33.9%), C (26.5%), T (26.5%), and G (13.1%). Mitochondrial genomes analyses based on maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ), and Bayesian analyses yielded identical phylogenetic trees, indicating a close phylogenetic affinity of the 24 Colubridae species. It shows that two major phyletic lineages were present in Colubridae: Hebius and Thamnophis. Hebius comprised 16 species and was supported by bootstrap values of 99%. A clade (H. craspedogaster, H. metusium, H. johannis, H. bitaeniatum and H. octolineatum) as the sister taxon to another clade (H. parallelum, H. khasiense, H. Boulengeri and H. popei) was supported by bootstrap values of 66%. This clade with the H. Atemporale is the sister taxon to H. optatum, H. sauteri, and H. v. ruthveni.

The complete mitogenome sequence of Amur minnow (Rhynchocypris lagowskii) was determined using long PCR. The genome was 16,594 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and one control region. The overall base composition of the heavy strand is A (28.60%), C (26.32%), T (27.40%), and G (17.68%). The control region was 927 bp in length and the A + T content of the region was 63.32%. The extended termination-associated sequence domain, the central conserved domain, and the conserved sequence block domain are defined in the mitochondrial genome control region of Amur minnow. Mitochondrial genomes analyses based on maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ), and Bayesian analyses yielded identical phylogenetic trees, indicating a close phylogenetic affinity of the 15 Cyprinidae species. It appeared that no less than two major phyletic lineages were present in Leuciscinae. The main clades within the Leuciscinae supported are: A clade is the Tribolodon. A clade (Rhynchocypris) with the Oreoleuciscus as the sister taxon to Tribolodon was supported by bootstrap values of 49%. The five different geographical populations of the R. lagowskii formed a paraphyletic group with the high bootstrap value (45%) in all examinations.