The packing of cylindrical particles with log-normal and plastic industries, but with a lack of quantitative and predictive modified power-law length distributions has been experiinformation. The results are useful for a better understanding of mentally studied. The results indicate that the packing the nature of nonspherical particle packing. density is heavily dependent on the parameters in the two distributions. However, this dependence cannot be pre-II. Experimental Details dicted by the direct analogy to that for the packing of spherical particles. It is postulated that the packing of non-In this work, we only considered the packing of cylindrical spherical particles be governed by two factors: the shape particles of uniform diameter, d, with their lengths varying effect and the size effect, which respectively correspond to according to a given length distribution. For convenience, a the unmixing and mixing states of a particle mixture and dimensionless length, l c , defined as the length-to-diameter ratio are quantified from the specific volumes of the two states.of a cylinder, was used. Because d was constant, this treatment Analysis of the results suggests that the shape effect is domiwould not affect the results. Two length-distribution functions nant for the packing of cylindrical particles with a wide were used. They were the log-normal distribution and the modilength distribution.fied power-law distribution. These two distributions, in terms of the cumulative function F(l c ), are given as (i) the log-normal (LN) distribution function

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The growing demand for lightweight, renewable, and excellent thermal insulation materials has fueled a search for high performance biomass materials with good mechanical compressibility and ultralow thermal conductivity. We propose a fabrication method for making a lightweight, anisotropic, and compressible wood aerogel with aligned cellulose fibers by a simple chemical treatment. The wood aerogel was mainly composed of highly aligned cellulose fibers with a relative crystallinity of 77.1%. The aerogel exhibits a low density of 32.18 mg/cm3 and a high specific surface area of 31.68 m2/g due to the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from the wood. Moreover, the multilayer structure of the aerogel was formed under the restriction of wood rays. Combined with a nanoscale pore, the aerogel presents good compressibility and an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.033 W/mK. These results show that the wood aerogel is a high quality biomass material with a potential function of thermal insulation through optimizing structures.

This study employed coconut copra to adsorb cadmium and investigated its adsorption behavior via isotherm models. A total of seven isotherm models, namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevic, Brouers-Sotolongo and Hill were utilized to investigate the adsorption mechanism. Results showed that Langmuir isotherm best fitted cadmium adsorption process among all models studied, with correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.963. The maximum adsorption capacity of coconut copra towards cadmium recorded 1.092 mg g−1 according to Langmuir isotherm, Dubinin-Radushkevic and Temkin isotherm asserted that this is a physical adsorption process. This study however observed negative cooperativity, as claimed by Hill and Temkin isotherm models. In addition, this study explored the feasibility of biosorbent regeneration. Coconut copra demonstrated potential to be regenerated, supported by its efficient removal percentage up to 7 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. As a whole, coconut copra is potentially viable to be used as a sustainable biosorbent for cadmium removal cadmium.