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This work aimed to investigate the alleviative mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum LP104 (LP104) isolated from kimchi on high-fat-diet-induced dyslipidemia by targeting the intestinal flora and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Oral administration of LP104 over 8 weeks reduced body weight gain and body fat, as well as ameliorating serum and hepatic dyslipidemia in HFD-fed C57BL/6N mice significantly. LP104 intervention also increased the ileal tauro-α/β-muricholic acid sodium salt (T-α-MCA or T-β-MCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) concentrations to suppress the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor/fibroblast growth factor 15-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FXR/FGF15-FGFR4) signaling pathway, which stimulated the hepatic cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) de novo synthesis through using cholesterol. Then, LP104 treatment accelerated BA excretion with the feces and cholesterol efflux to improve HFD-caused hyperlipidemia effectively. The 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing revealed that LP104 promoted intestinal flora rebalance by increasing the abundances of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium and decreasing the abundance of Oscillospira and Coprococcus. Meanwhile, Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that the differential flora were closely related to BA signaling molecules including CA, CDCA, T-α-MCA, T-β-MCA, and TUDCA after LP104 intervention. These findings provided new evidence that LP104 had the potential to be used as a naturally functional food for the prevention of dyslipidemia.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KM1 was screened from natural fermented products, which had probiotic properties and antioxidant function. The survival rate of L. plantarum KM1 was 78.26% at 5 mM H2O2. In this study, the antioxidant mechanism of L. plantarum KM1 was deeply analyzed by using the proteomics method. The results demonstrated that a total of 112 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened, of which, 31 DEPs were upregulated and 81 were downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that DEPs participated in various metabolic pathways such as pyruvate metabolism, carbon metabolism, trichloroacetic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. These metabolic pathways were related to oxidative stress caused by H2O2 in L. plantarum KM1. Therefore, the antioxidant mechanism of L. plantarum KM1 under H2O2 stress provided a theoretical basis for its use as a potential natural antioxidant.