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4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)­phenyl-substituted 1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole (N-DMBI-H) has been utilized as a solution-processable n-type dopant in organic electronics. In this study, a dimethyl-substituted N-DMBI-H derivative (DMe-N-DMBI-H), in which two methyl groups are attached at the terminal 5- and 6-positions of the benzimidazole moiety of N-DMBI-H molecule, has been examined to control its electron-donating ability. The effectiveness of DMe-N-DMBI-H as a solution-processable donor dopant has been clarified by evaluating electrical characteristics of DMe-N-DMBI-H-doped PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) thin-film transistors, such as field-effect mobility, gate threshold voltage, and contact resistance. Our electrochemical and electrical characterizations as well as quantum chemical calculations have suggested that DMe-N-DMBI-H works as a donor dopant somewhat stronger than N-DMBI-H.

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The hot carrier light emission in SOI-MOSFET's is analyzed by using a newly developed two-dimensional device simulator. A new calculation algorithm of coupled Monte Carlo-energy transport analysis is employed to obtain the spatial carrier temperature distribution and the carrier energy distribution at the fast computation turnaround time. The relations between the hot carrier effects and the photon emission properties are easily evaluated by using this simulator. The simulation results show the excellent agreements with the experimental results. It is found from the comparison between the simulation results and the experimental ones that the hot carrier energy distribution is not described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.

Local-pitch identification accuracies were analyzed for frequency-modulated (FM) tones. The problem was whether every portion of a continuous sound was perceived at the same accuracy or not. Psychophysical experiments revealed that the local-pitch identification accuracies were significantly different among the nodes of continuous FM tones. Also, the accuracies were dependent on the frequency trajectory shape. The stimuli were two types of piecewise-linear FM tones of up-down-up and down-up-down glide sequences. Each tone included four nodes; the initial, two intermediate points, and the final. The duration of each linear glide was 100 ms. The frequency range was between 1000 and 1500 Hz. A pair of FM tone was presented with one-second interval. The frequency was shifted up or down at one of the nodes in either of the tones. The shift amounts were 0%, 4%, and 8%. The subjects were requested to answer whether two pitch sequences were the same or different. The pitch identification accuracy was low at the initial for both types of FM tones. The accuracy at the final was highest for the up-down-up tone. The intermediate high frequency node showed the highest accuracy for the down-up-down tone. These results indicated that the local-pitch identification accuracies were trajectorydependent.